Introduction to Political Ideologies

Theory as Abstraction --
The Distinction between Facts and Values --
The Problem with the Contestability Thesis --
Part 1. Classical Ideologies --
Origins and Development of the Term --
Isms as Ideologies --
Mannheim's Paradox: Are We Stuck? --
Facts, Values and the State --
Chapter 1. Liberalism --
Chapter Map --
Test Case: Prostitution Laws in Sweden --
The Meaning of Liberalism --
Liberalism as Toleration --
The Reformation and Wars of Religion --
Toleration --
Contractarianism --
Rights-based Liberalism --
Locke --
Kant --
Utilitarianism --
Conclusion: the Swedish Case Study --
Chapter 2. Conservatism --
Test Case: Reform or Revolution? --
Conservatism: an Elusive Ideology? --
Basic Elements of Conservatism --
David Hume --
Edmund Burke --
Michael Oakeshott --
Leo Strauss and American Neo-conservatism --
Chapter 3. Socialism --
Test Case: Tanks in the Streets of Prague --
The Problem of Variety --
Defining Socialism --
The Problem of Utopia --
Science and the 'Utopian Socialists' --
Introducing Marxism --
The Authoritarian Consequences of 'Scientific Socialism' --
The Inevitability Argument --
The Concept of Class War and the Problem of Morality --
The Dilemma of Democratic Socialism --
Eduard Bernstein and the German Socialists --
Bernstein, Revisionism and the British Tradition --
Bernstein's Argument --
The British Labour Party and the Fabians --
The Labour Party, Constitutionalism and the Trade Unions --
Blair's Socialism --
International Social Democrats --
Can Marxism be Rescued? --
The Notion of Revolution --
The Inevitability Problem and the Liberal Tradition --
The Question of Class and Agency --
Socialism and Inevitability --
The Problem of Utopianism --
Chapter 4. Anarchism --
Test Case: Death in Genoa --
The Relationship with Socialism --
Philosophical Anarchists --
Free Market Anarchists --
Anti-capitalist Anarchists: Proudhon, Bakunin and Kropotkin --
The Argument So Far ... --
Republican Spain and the Anarchist Experience --
The Problem of Violence --
Anarchism and the New Social Movements --
The Problem of Organisation and Relationships --
The Problem of Hierarchy --
The Question of Self-determination and Constraint --
Anarchism and the Distinction between State and Government --
Chapter 5. Nationalism --
Test Case: Mountains, Muesli, Cuckoo Clocks and Yodellers --
Nations and Nationalism --
Modernism versus Perennialism --
Modernist Theories --
Perennialist Theories --
Nationalism: the Ethical Debate --
Implications of the Modernist-Perennialist Debate --
State versus Nation --
Civic Nationalism and Ethnic Nationalism --
Nationalism and Exclusivity --
Liberalism and Nationalism: Mill and Herder --
Liberalism versus Nationalism --
John Stuart Mill --
Johann Gottfried von Herder --
Socialism and Nationalism: Marx and Engels --
Conclusion: Banal Nationalism --
Chapter 6. Fascism --
Test Case: 'Never Again': Contemporary Forms of Fascism --
Defining Fascism --
Fascism and Communism --
Fascism and Religion --
Fascism and Liberalism --
Fascism and Conservatism --
Fascism in Italy --
Nationalism and War --
Corporativism, Violence and the State --
Intellectual Roots --
Fascism in Germany --
A Brief History --
Anti-capitalism --
Statism, Women and Colonialism --
Fascism and Capitalism --
Fascism, Liberalism and the Enlightenment --
The State of Nature, Equality and the Individual --
Nationalism --
Rationality --
Fascism, Stalinism and the State --
Stalinism --
Fascism Today --
The Unrepentant Apologists --
The Holocaust Deniers --
The Critical Fascists --
Eurofascism --
Nationalist Salvation --
Part 2. New Ideologies --
Social and Economic Change --
Critique of Classical Ideologies --
Chapter 7. Feminism --
Test Case: Women's Work? --
Liberal Feminism --
Mary Wollstonecraft --
John Stuart Mill --
Liberal Feminism in Britain and the United States --
Problems with Liberal Feminism --
Radical Feminist Critique --
Socialist Feminist Critique --
Other Critiques --
Socialist Feminism --
Engels's Contribution --
Bebel and Later Socialists --
Women in the Communist Party States --
The Domestic Labour Debate --
Problems with Socialist Feminism --
Liberal Feminist Critique --
Radical Feminist Critique --
Black Feminists and the Philosophical Feminist Critique --
Radical Feminism --
Problems with Radical Feminism --
Liberal Feminist Critique --
Socialist Feminist Critique --
Black Feminists and the Philosophical Feminist Critique --
Black Feminism --
Problems with Black Feminism --
Liberal, Socialist and Radical Feminist Critiques --
The Critique of Philosophical Feminisms --
Philosophical Feminisms --
Feminist Empiricism --
Standpoint Feminism --
Postmodern Feminism --
Problems with the Philosophical Feminisms --
Liberal Feminist Critique --
Socialist, Radical and Black Feminist Critiques --
Chapter 8. Multiculturalism --
Test Case: Religious Dress Ban: Equality or Oppression? --
What is Multiculturalism? --
Culture, Race, Ethnicity and Religion --
Culture --
Race and Ethnicity --
Religion --
Multiculturalism, Liberalism and Modernity --
Models of Multiculturalism --
Jeremy Waldron: Hybridity --
Will Kymlicka: Right to Cultural Membership --
James Tully: Constitutional Diversity --
John Rawls: Overlapping Consensus --
Edward Said: Critique of Orientalism --
Assessment: Identity, Reason and Freedom --
Multiculturalism: the New Wars of Religion? --
Chapter 9. Ecologism --
Test Case: Nuclear Power? Yes Please! --
Ecologism or Environmentalism? --
Environmental Crisis and Green Politics --
Environmental Crisis --
Green Politics --
Aldo Leopold and the 'Land Ethic' --
Arne Naess and 'Deep Ecology' --
Garrett Hardin and the Ethics of the Lifeboat --
Summary and Criticisms of Ecologism --
Summary of Ecologism --
Criticisms of Ecologism --
Chapter 10. Fundamentalism --
Test Case: The Diversity of Fundamentalisms --
Label or Concept? --
Fundamentalism and Religion --
Fundamentals and Fundamentalism --
Modernity and Tradition --
Fundamentalism, Democracy and Violence --
What is Islamic Fundamentalism? --
US Fundamentalism and the Religious Right --
Jewish Fundamentalism and the Israeli State --
'The Clash of Civilisations': a Fundamentalist Thesis? --
Conclusion: Academic Political Theory and Politics.