Child development/ E. B Hurlock

1 SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF CHILD
DEVELOPMENT
' Early Interest in Studying Children
Child Psychology versus Child
Development
Spurs to Studying Children
Obstacles to Scientific Studies of Children
Overcoming Obstacles to Scientific
Studies of Children
How Much Headway Have
Scientists Made?
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
J. PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENT
I. Development Involves Change
II. Early Development Is More Critical
Than Later Development
III. Development Is the Product of
Maturation and Learning
IV. The Developmental Pattern Is
Predictable
V. The Developmental Pattern Has
Predictable Characteristics'
VI. There Are Individual Differences in
Development
VII. There Are Periods in the
Developmental Pattern
VIII. There Are Social Expectations for
Every Developmental Period
IX. Every Area of Development Has
Potential Hazards
X. Happiness Varies at Different Periods
in Development
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
3 FOUNDATIONS OF THE
DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERN
Scientific Interest in Prenatal Development
How Life Begins
Importance of Fertilization
Timetable of Prenatal Development
Conditions Affecting Prenatal
Development
Attitudes of Significant People
Hazards during the Prenatal Period
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
4 EFFECTS OF BIRTH ON DEVELOPMENT
Scientific Interest in Birth
Adjustments to Postnatal Life
How Birth Affects Postnatal Development
Influence of Time of Birth on Development
Level of Development Present at Birth
Hazards Associated with Birth
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
S PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Physical Growth Cycles
Body Size
Body Proportions
Bones
Muscles and Fat
Teeth
Development of the Nervous System
Puberty Changes
Hazards in Physical Development
Chapter Hif}hlights
Bibliography
6 MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Principles of Motor Development
Sequence of Motor Development
Motor Skills
Some Common Motor Skills of Childhoo
Functions of Motor Skills
Handedness
Hazards in Motor Development
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
7 SPEECH DEVELOPMENT
Meaning of "Speech"
Speech; A Tool for Communication
Prespeech Forms of Communication
How Children Learn to Speak
Major Tasks in Learning to Speak
Amount of Talking
Content of Speech
Hazards in Speech Development
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
8 EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Pattern of Emotional Development
Conditions Responsible for Emotional
Development
Characteristics of Children's Emotions
Common Emotional Patterns
Emotional Dominance
Emotional Balance
Emotional Control
Emotional Catharsis
Hazards in Emotional Development
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
9 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Meaning of Social Development
Social Expectations
Importance of Early Social Experiences
The Pattern of Social Development
Beginnings of Social Behavior
Social Development in Early Childhood
Social Development in Late Childhood
Social Development at Puberty
Hazards in Social Development
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
10 SOCIAL ADJUSTMENTS
Meaning of Social Adjustment
Role of Companions in Social
Adjustments
Shifts in Childhood Companions
Social Acceptance
Leaders and Followers
Mobility
Hazards in Social Adjustments
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
11 PLAY DEVELOPMENT
Meaning of Play
Contributions of Play
Characteristics of Children's Play
Common Play Activities of Childhood
Active Play
Amusements
Play Hazards
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
12 DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVITY
Meaning of Creativity
Values of Creativity
Discovery of Creativity
Development of Creativity
Persistence of Creativity
Expression of Creativity in Chilhood
Hazards to Creativity
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
13
DEVELOPMENT OF UNDERSTANDING
Importance of Understanding
How Understanding Develops
Role of Concepts in Understanding
How Concepts Develop
Some Common Concepts of Cfiildren
Hazards in Development of Understanding
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
14
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
15
Meaning of Moral Beftavior
How Morality is Learned
Pattern of Moral Development
Meaning of "Discipline"
Essentials in Discipline
Tecfiniques of Discipline
Evaluation of Discipline
Hazards In Moral Development
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
SOME COMMON CHILDHOOD
INTERESTS
Importance of Interests
Metfiods of Discovering Cfiildren's
Interests
How Interests Develop
Interest in the Human Body
Interest in Appearance
Interest in Clothes
Interest in Names
Interest in Status Symbols
Interest in Religion
Interest in Sex
Interest in School
Interest in Future Vocations
Hazards in the Development of Interests
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
16
SEX-ROLE DEVELOPMENT
Meaning of Sex Roles
Origin of Sex-Role Stereotypes
Causes of Changes in Stereotypes of Sex
Roles
Kinds of Sex Roles
17
18
Learning the Meaning of Sex-Roie
Stereotypes
Acceptance of Sex-Role Stereotypes
Learning to Play Sex Roles
Effects of Sex-Role Typing on Behavior
Hazards in Sex-Role Development
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
Changes in the American Family Pattern
Influence of the Family on Children
Influence of Parental Attitudes on Family
Relationships
Influence of Child-Training Methods on
Family Relationships
Influence of Family Size on Family
Relationships
Influence of Sibling Relations on Family
Relationships
Influence of Home Setting on Family
Relationships
Influence of Broken Homes on Family
Relationships
Influence of Reconstituted Homes
on Family Relationships
Influence of Concepts of Family Roles
on Family Relationships
Influence of Preference for One Parent
on Family Relationships
Hazards in Family Relationships
Chapter Highlights
Bibliography
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT
Meaning of Personality
The Personality Pattern
Individuality
Persistence in Personality
Change in Personality
Some Important Personality Determinants
Level of Adjustment
Hazards in Personality Development
Chapter Highlights