Vogel's textbook of practical organic chemistry/ B S Furniss; Arthur Israel Vogel

CHAPTER 1 ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
2.1 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR SAFE WORKING IN
ORGANIC CHEMICAL LABRATORIES
2.2 PLANNING OF EXPERIMENTS AND RECORDING OF
2.3 HAZARDS IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORIES
2.4 INTERCHANGEABLE GROUND GLASS JOINTS
2.5 TYPES OF GROUND GLASS JOINTS
2.6 CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF GROUND GLASS JOINTS
2.7 APPARATUS WITH INTERCHANGEABLE GROUND
GLASS JOINTS SUITABLE FOR GENERAL USE IN
PREPARATIVE ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
2.8 OTHER TYPES OF INTERCHANGEABLE JOINTS AND
STOPCOCKS
2.9 THE USE OF CORKS AND RUBBER STOPPERS
2.10 CUTTING AND BENDING OF GLASS TUBING
2.11 GENERAL LABORATORY APPARATUS
2.12 COOLING OF REACTION MIXTURES
2.13 HEATING OF REACTION MIXTURES
2.14 MECHANICAL AGITATION
2.15 TYPICAL GROUND GLASS JOINT ASSEMBLIES FOR
STANDARD REACTION PROCEDURES
2.16 PRECAUTIONS FOR UNAHENDED REACTIONS
2.17 APPARATUS FOR SPECIAL REACTION TECHNIQUES
2.18 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
2.19 FILTRATION TECHNIUUES
2.20 RECRYSTALLISATION TECHNIQUES
2.21 SUBLIMATION TECHNIQUES - FREEZE DRYING
2.22 SOLVENT EXTRACTION
2.23 DRYING OF LIQUIDS OR OF SOLUTIONS OF ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS
2.24 DISTILLATION AT ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
2.25 STEAM DISTILLATION
2.26 FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION AT ATMOSPHERIC
PRESSURE
2.27 DISTILLATION UNDER DIMINISHED PRESSURE
("VACUUM' DISTILLATION)
2.28 HIGH VACUUM DISTILLATION - MOLECULAR
DISTILLATION
2.29 VACUUM PUMPS
2.30 MANOMETERS, VACUSTATS. VACUUM GAUGES AND
MANOSTATS
2.31 CHROMATOGRAPHY
2.32 STORAGE OF SAMPLES
2.33 MELTING POINT - MIXED MELTING POINTS
2.34 DETERMINATION OF BOILING POINT
2.35 DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT
2.36 DETERMINATION OF OPTICAL ROTATORY POWER
2.37 DETERMINATION OF REFRACTIVE INDEX

CHAPTER 3 SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS AND THE
INTERPRETATION OF SPECTRA

3.1 INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
3.2 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
3.3 MASS SPECTROMETRY
3.4 ULTRAVIOLET-VISIBLE SPECTROSCOPY

CHAPTER 4 SOLVENTS AND REAGENTS

4.1 THE PURIFICATION OF COMMON ORGANIC SOLVENTS
4.2 THE PREPAIMTION AND PURIFICATION OF REAGENTS

CHAPTER 5 ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS

5.1 ALKAMES
5.2 ALKENES
5.3 ALKYNES
5.4 ALIPHATIC ALCOHOLS
5.5 ALIPHATIC HALIDES
5.6 ALIPHATIC ETHERS
5.7 ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES
5.8 ALIPHATIC KETONES
5.9 DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS
5.10 CARBOHYDRATES
5.11 ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
5.12 CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES
5.13 ALIPHATIC NITRILES
5.14 SUBSTITUTED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR
DERIVATIVES
5.15 NITROALKANES
5.16 ALIPHATIC AMINES
5.17 ALIPHATIC SULPHUR COMPOUNDS
5.18 UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS
5.19 RESOLUTION OF RECEMATES

CHAPTER 6 AROMATIC COMPOUNDS

6.1 AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
6.2 AROMATIC NITRO COMPOUNDS
6.3 AROMATIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
6.4 AROMATIC SULPHONIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES
6.5 AROMATIC AMINES
6.6 SUBSTITUTION PRODUCTS OF AROMATIC AMINES
6.7 FORMATION OF DIAZONIUM SALTS AND THEIR USES
6.8 MISCELLANEOUS AROMATIC NIRTOGEN COMPOUNDS
6.9 PHENOLS AND PHENYL ETHERS
6.10 AROMATIC ALDEHYDES
6.11 AROMATIC KETONES AND QUINONES
6.12 SOME REACTIONS OF AROMATIC CARNONYL
COMPOUNDS
6.13 AROMATIC CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
6.14 AROMATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES
6.15 AROMATIC NITRILES

CHAPTER 7 SELECTED ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS

7.1 INTRAMOLECULAR NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENT
REACTIONS
7.2 INTRAMOLECULAR ADDITION REACTIONS OF
CARBONIONS TO A CARBONYL GROUP
7.3 INSERTION REACTIONS
7.4 RING EXPANSION AND RING CONTRACTIONS REACTIONS
7.5 REDUCTION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
7.6 CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS

CHAPTER 8 SELECTED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS

8.1 THREE-MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES
8.2 FOUR-MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES
8.3 FIVE-MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES
8.4 SIX-MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES

CHAPTER 9 INVESTIGATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

9.1 PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
9.2 THE STUDY OF SOLUBILITY BEHAVIOUR
9.3 DETECTION OF ELEMENTS PRESENT
9.4 SPECTROSCOPIC INFORMATION
9.5 FUNCTIONAL GROUP IDENTIFICATION
9.6 PREPARATION OF DERIVATIVES
9.7 SEPARATION OF MIXTURES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

CHAPTER 10 PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC
COMPOUDS

APPENDICES
1. THE LITERATURE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
2. INFRARED CORRELATION TABLES
3. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE CORRELATION TABLES
4. MASS SPECTROMETER CORRELATION TABLES
5. USEFUL SOLVENT CHARACTERISTICS: HAZARD SYMBOLS
6. COMMON SYNTHONS AND THEIR REAGENT EQUIVALENTS
7. SELECTION OF MANUFACTURES AND SUPPLIERS OF
LABORATORY APPARATUS, EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS