TY - BOOK TI - History of humanity SN - 0415093058 (Routledge : v. 1) U1 - 930 DAN/H. V2 PY - 1994///-2008 CY - London, New York, Paris PB - Routledge, Unesco KW - Civilization KW - History N1 - Rev. ed. of: History of mankind / [International Commission for a History of the Scientific and Cultural Development of Mankind]. 1963-1969. v. 1. Prehistory and the beginnings of civilization / edited by S.J. De Laet ; co-edited by A.H. Dani, J.L. Lorenzo, R.B. Nunoo -- v. 2. From the third millennium to the seventh century B.C. / edited by A.H. Dani, J.-P. Mohen -- v. 3. From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. / edited by Joachim Herrmann, Erik Zürcher -- v. 4. From the seventh to the sixteenth century / edited by M.A. al-Bakhit, L. Bazin, S.M. Cissoko ; co-edited by M.S. Asimov ... [et al.] -- v. 5. From the sixteenth to the eighteenth century -- v. 6. The nineteenth century / edited by Peter Mathias, Nikolaï Todorov ; co-edited by G. Carrera Damas ... [et al.] -- v. 7. The twentieth century / edited by Sarvepalli Gopal, Sergei L. Tikhvinsky ; co-edited by I.A. Abu-Lughod ... [et al.]; CONTENTS Chafes Morazi, former President oftite International Commission General Introduction Georges-Henri Dumont, President ofthe International Commission The International Commission History of Humanity (Scientific and Cultural Development) in Seven Volumes list offigures list ofmaps *** list of plates A Introduction ' Prehistory to history 3 SigfriedJ. De Laet Main trends of the new period ^ Ahmad Hassan Dani andJean-Pierre Mohen B Thematic section ^3 * Technical aspects ^5 Jean-Pierre Mohen 2 From empirical to scientific knowledge 23 2.1 From empirical knowledge to the 23 beginnings ofscientific thought Walter F. Reineke 2.2 The measurement of time and the 27 establishment ofcalendars Jean Leclant andJean-Pierre Mohen 3 Economic and socio-poUtical developments 30 Mario Liverani 4 Sedentary agricultural and nomadic pastoral 37 populations (3000-^00 BC) Andrew Sherratt 5 From state to empire 44 Vladimir A.Jakobson and Muhammad A. Dandamaev 6 The development of long-distance trade and 52 the emergence of a merchant class Jean-Pierre Mohen The beginning of the Iron Age: invention of ironwork and its consequences Pierre Villard The dawn of writing and the principal linguisDc &niilies 8.1 From the origins ofwriting to the alphabet Monica Rector 8.2 The most ancient languages revealed by writing Stephen A. Wurm 8.3 The Indo-European phenomenon: linguistics and archaeology J P. Mallory Oral traditions and literature, religion and art 9.1 Oral traditions and literature 9.1.1 The oral tradition Jean-Pierre Mohen 9.1.2 Writing and literature Monica Rector 9.2 Religion and art 9.2.1 The development of religion Julien Ries Art and architecture Jean-Pierre Mohen Song, music and dance Jean-Pierre Mohen 9.2.2 92.3 C Regional section Editor's note I. Regions for which written sources are available 10 Africa 10.1 The Nile Valley (3000-1780 BC) Christiane Ziegler 10.2 The Nile Valley (1780-700 BC) 10.2.1 Egypt Gamal Mokhtar 10.2.2 Nubia and its relationship with Egypt (1780-700 BC) Thiophile Obenga II Europe 11.1 The Aegean world Midiel Sakellariou The Early Bronze Age (3000-1500 BC) Christos Doumas The Middle and Late Bronze Age (2100-1100 BC) Michel Sakellariou and Christos Doumas 11.1.3 Decline and Recovery (1100-700 BC) Michel Sakellariou 11.2 Cyprus Vassos Karageorghis 12 Asia Editor's Note 12.1 Mesopotamia 12.1.1 The Tigris and Euphrates valley (3000-1500 BC) C. C. Lamberg-Karlousky andR. IVrigl 12.1.2 The Kassite period (1500-^00 BC ) Georges Roux 12.2 Syria and Palestine 12.2.1 The Early and Middle Bronze Age (3000-1600 BC) Dominique Beyer 12.2.2 The Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age (1600-^00 BC) Horst Klengel 12.3 Anatolia Ekrem Akurgal 12.4 Iran Reinhard Dittmann 12.5 Afghanistan Victor I. Sarianidi 12.6 The Arabian Peninsula Abdul Rahman Al-Ansary 12.7 The Indus Valley (3000-1500 BC) B. K. Thapar and M. Raftque Mughal 12.8 The Post-Indus Cultures (1500-700 BC) B. K. Thapar and Abdul Rahman 12.9 China 12.9.1 China (3000-1600 EC) An Zhimin 12.9.2 China (1600-700 BC) Zhang Changshou CONTENTS 14s 14 Europe 320 145 Editor's Note 320 14.1 Introduction 321 146 Jean-Pierre Mohen 14.2 Southern Europe 334 Rcnato Peroni 152 14.3 South-Eastem Europe 345 Roumen Katindiarov and Nikola Tasic 14.4 Central Europe 350 159 Istvan Ecsedy and Tibor Kouaa 14-5 Eastern Europe (Fourth millennium to 357 seventh century BC) 167 NikolaiJ. Merpert 14.6 Western Europe 364 170 Jacques Briard 170 14-7 Northern Europe 373 171 Henrik Tlirane 171 14.8 Religion and art 382 Uli L. Kaelas ht 15 Asia 392 182 15.1 Central Asia 392 Vadim M. Masson 191 15.2 South-East Asia and the Pacific 401 191 Charles F. W. Higham and IVilhelm G. Sollteim II 15-3 Korea 415 198 Tadashi Nishitani iS-4 Japan (3000-700 BC) 418 Tatsuo Kobayashi 205 iS-5 Northern Asia and Mongolia (3000-700 BC) 421 II.1.1 II.1.2 II Regions for which otily archaeological and anthropological sources are available Editor's Note r3 Africa, excluding the Nile Valley Louise M. Diop-Maes Aboubacry M. Lam Massamba Lam Theophile Obenga David W Phillipson Babacar Sail 16 Australia Josephine Flood 17 The Americas Editor's Note 171 An overview of the cultural evolution Mario Sanoja Obediente 17.2 Religion and art Jose Alcina Franch 17.3 North America Melvin L. Fowler 17.4 Mesoamerica; Genesis and first developments Chrisline Niederberger 17.5 South America I7-5 I The north-east and eastern region Mario Sanoja Obediente 17-5 i The eastern region Osualdo R. Heredia 17•5•3 The western region Lui's Guillemto Lumbreras 17-5-4 The south-west region Lautaro Nunez Afterword Jean-Pierre Molien Chronological table ER -