Unbecoming Citizens: Culture, Nationhood, and The Flight of Refugees From Bhutan
- New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2007.
- xix, 308 p. : ill. ; 22 cm.
- (Oxford India paperbacks) .
Context: lands on a rim -- Bhutan and the Bhutanese -- Authenticity and historical truth -- Unbecoming citizens -- Matters of history -- The history of Umbho -- Nepali migration to Bhutan: the historical context -- 'Since the time of the Shabdrung' -- 'Priests and patrons' -- 'To protect the land of Dharmadeva' -- Southern Bhutan in early British accounts -- Early encounters -- 'A narrow slip of land' -- Bhutan and the Younghusband mission -- 'First sightings' -- The legend of Garjaman Gurung -- Ponlops and thekadars -- D.B. Gurung's memoir -- Using the legend -- Questions of historicity -- The settlement and administration of the south -- A chronology of Nepali settlement -- The ethnic boundary -- The administration of southern Bhutan -- The Paro Ponlop and the Dorjes -- The Mandals -- Land ownership and registration -- The payment of taxes -- Revenue from below -- The contribution of labour -- The changing bases of subjecthood -- Calling the raiyats back home -- The case of Akhal Singh -- Lhotshampa culture -- Bhutanese Nepaliness -- Caste and ethnicity -- Assumed characteristics -- Ascribed characteristics -- The absence of Nepali literature -- Of pandits and pathshalas -- The first activists -- 'Jai Gorkha!' -- The death of Masur Chetri -- The Bhutan State Congress -- Coming closer to the King -- Coming down from Tongsa -- Political representation -- The granting of citizenship -- Opening the schools -- Building the roads -- Moving east -- A sense of belonging -- The conditions for belonging.