Philosophy : key texts /
Julian Baggini and Gareth Southwell.
- Second revised edition.
- Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
- ix, 204 pages ; 23 cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Styles of reading Arguments f Assessing premises Inferences The archaeology of arguments Arguments within arguments Back to style The principle of charity Six key texts 1 Plato: Republic (c.375 BC) Background The text Preliminary discussion: What is justice? The basis of society Education Rulers and auxiliaries Society and the individual Women, marriage and family The philosopher rulers The good The education of the philosopher Unjust societies Art revisited Afterlife Conclusion 2 Rene Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) Background The text First meditation Second meditation Tbe piece of wax Third meditation The existence of God Fourth meditation Fifth meditation Sixth meditation Conclusion 3 David Hume: An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding (1748) Background The text I Of the Different Species of Philosophy II Of the Origin of Ideas III Of the Association of Ideas IV Sceptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding V Sceptical Solution of these Doubts VI Of Probability VII Of the Idea of Necessary Connexion VIII Of Liberty and Necessity IX Of the Reason of Animals X Of Miracles XI Of a Particular Providence and of a Future State XII Of the Academical or Sceptical Philosophy 4 John Stuart Mill: On Liberty (1859) Background The text I Introductory II On the Liberty of Thought and Discussion III Of Individuality, as One of the Elements of Well-Being IV Of the Limits to the Authority of Society over the Individual V Applications Conclusion 5 Friedrich Nietzsche: Beyond Good and Evil (1886) Background The text Preface Part One: On the Prejudices of Philosophers Part Two: The Free Spirit Part Three: The Religious Nature Part Four: Maxims and Interludes Part Five: On the Natural History of Morals Part Six: We Scholars Part Seven: Our Virtues Part Eight: Peoples and Fatherlands Part Nine: What is Noble? From High Mountains: Epode Conclusion 6 Jean-Paul Sartre: Existentialism and Humanism (1947) Background The text The attack on existentialism Humanism Existentialism Subjectivity Anguish Abandonment Despair The cogito The human condition Does it matter what you do? Can you judge others? A case of give and take Humanism again Conclusion Glossary Further Reading