Epistemology/
Audi, Robert
- 3rd ed.
- New York: Routledge, 2010.
- 404 p.
Introduction: a sketch of the sources and nature of belief, justification, and knowledge Perception, belief, and justification Justification as process, as status, and as property Knowledge and justification Memory, introspection, and self-consciousness Reason and rational reflection Testimony Basic sources of belief, justification, and knowledge Three kinds of grounds of belief Fallibility and skepticism Overview Part One Sources of justification, knowledge, and truth I Perception: sensing, believing, and knowing The elements and basic kinds of perception Seeing and believing Perceptuai justification and perceptual knowledge Notes 2 Theories of perception: sense experience, appearances, and reaiity Some commonsense views of perception The theory of appearing Sense-datum theories of perception Adverbial theories of perception Adverbial and sense-datum theories of sensory experience Phenomenalism Perception and the senses Notes 3 Memory: the preservation and reconstruction of the past Memory and the past The causal basis of memory beliefs Theories of memory Remembering, recalling, and imaging Remembering, imaging, and recognition The epistemological centrality of memory Notes 4 Consciousness: the life of the mind Two basic kinds of mental properties Introspection and inward vision Some theories of introspective consciousness Consciousness and privileged access Introspective consciousness as a source of justification and knowledge Notes 5 Reason I: understanding, insight, and inteliectual power Self-evident truths of reason The classical view of the truths of reason The empiricist view of the truths of reason Notes 6 Reason II: meaning, necessity, and provability The conventionalist view of the truths of reason Some difficulties and strengths of the classical view Reason, experience, and a priori justification Notes 7 Testimony: the social foundation of knowledge The nature of testimony: formal and informal The psychology of testimony The epistemology of testimony The indispensability of testimonial grounds Notes Part Two The structure and growth of justification and knowledge 8 Inference and the extension of knowledge The process, content, and structure of inference Inference and the growth of knowledge Source conditions and transmission conditions for inferential knowledge and justification Memorial preservation of inferential Justification and inferential knowledge Notes 9 The architecture of knowledge Inferential chains and the structure of belief The epistemic regress problem The epistemic regress argument Foundationalism and coherentism Holistic coherentism The nature of coherence Coherence and second-order justification Moderate foundationalism Notes Part Three The nature and scope of justification and knowledge 10 The analysis of knowledge: justification, certainty, and reliability Knowledge and justified true belief Knowledge conceived as the right kind of justified true belief Naturalistic accounts of the concept of knowledge Problems for reliability theories Notes 11 Knowledge, justification, and truth: internalism, externalism, and intellectual virtue Knowledge and justification Internalism and externalism in epistemology Internalist and externalist versions of virtue epistemology Justification, knowledge, and truth The value problem Theories of truth Concluding proposals Notes 12 Scientific, moral, and religious knowledge Scientific knowledge Moral knowledge Religious knowledge Notes 13 Skepticism I: the quest for certainty The possibility of pervasive error Skepticism generalized The egocentric predicament Fallibility Uncertainty Notes 14 Skepticism 11: the defense of common sense in the face of fallibility Negative versus positive defenses of common sense Deducibility, providential transmission, and induction The authority of knowledge and the cogency of its grounds Refutation and rebuttal Prospects for a positive defense of common sense The challenge of rational disagreement Skepticism and common sense Notes