Research Design,/
Creswell,John W.
- 3rd.ed.
- New Delhi: Sage publication, 2009.
- 260
Analytic contents of research techniques -- Preface -- Purpose -- Audience -- Format -- Outline of chapters -- Acknowledgments -- About the author -- Part 1: Preliminary Considerations -- 1: Selection of a research design -- Three types of designs -- Three components involved in a design -- Philosophical worldviews -- Postpositivist worldview -- Social constructivist worldview -- Advocacy and participatory worldview -- Pragmatic worldview -- Strategies of inquiry -- Quantitative strategies -- Qualitative strategies -- Mixed methods strategies -- Research methods -- Research designs as worldviews, strategies, and methods -- Criteria for selecting a research design -- Research problem -- Personal experiences -- Audience -- Summary -- Writing exercises -- Additional readings -- 2: Review Of The Literature -- Research topic -- Literature review -- Use of literature -- Design techniques -- Steps in conducting a literature review -- Searching computerized databases -- Priority for selecting literature material -- Literature map of the research -- Abstracting studies -- Example 2-1: Literature review in a quantitative study -- Example 2-2: Literature review in a study advancing a typology -- Style manuals -- Definition of terms -- Example 2-3: Terms defined in a mixed methods dissertation -- Example 2-4: Terms defined in an independent variables section -- Quantitative or mixed methods literature review -- Summary -- Writing exercises -- Additional readings -- 3: Use Of Theory -- Quantitative theory use -- Variables in quantitative research -- Definition of a theory -- Forms of theories -- Placement of quantitative theories -- Writing a quantitative theoretical perspective -- Example 3-1: Quantitative theory section -- Qualitative theory use -- Variation in theory use in qualitative research -- Locating the theory in qualitative research -- Example 3-2: Theory early in a qualitative study -- Example 3-3: Theory at the end of a qualitative study -- Mixed methods theory use -- Example 3-4: Theory in a transformative-emancipatory mixed methods study -- Summary -- Writing exercises -- Additional readings -- 4: Writing Strategies And Ethical Considerations -- Writing the proposal -- Sections in a proposal -- Format for a qualitative proposal -- Example 4-1: Qualitative constructivist/interpretivist format -- Example 4-2: Qualitative advocacy/participatory format -- Format for a quantitative proposal -- Example 4-3: Quantitative format -- Format for a mixed methods proposal -- Example 4-4: Mixed methods format -- Designing the sections of a proposal -- Writing ideas -- Writing as thinking -- Habit of writing -- Readability of the manuscript -- Example 4-5: Illustration of the hook-and-eye technique -- Voice, tense, and "fat" -- Ethical issues to anticipate -- Ethical issues in the research problem -- Ethical issues in the purpose and questions -- Ethical issues in data collection -- Ethical issues in data analysis and interpretation -- Ethical issues in writing and disseminating the research -- Summary -- Writing exercises -- Additional readings. Part 2: Designing Research -- 5: Introduction -- Importance of introductions -- Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods introductions -- Model for an introduction -- Illustration -- Research problem -- Studies addressing the problem -- Deficiencies in past literature -- Example 5-1: Deficiencies in the literature-needed studies -- Example 5-2: Deficiencies in the literature-few studies -- Significance of a study for audiences -- Example 5-3: Significance of the study stated in an introduction to a quantitative study -- Summary -- Writing exercises -- Additional readings -- 6: Purpose Statement -- Significance and meaning of a purpose statement -- Qualitative purpose statement -- Example 6-1: Purpose statement in a qualitative phenomenology study -- Example 6-2: Purpose statement in a case study -- Example 6-3: Purpose statement in an ethnography -- Example 6-4: Purpose statement in a grounded theory study -- Quantitative purpose statement -- Example 6-5: Purpose statement in a published survey study -- Example 6-6: Purpose statement in a dissertation survey study -- Example 6-7: Purpose statement in an experimental study -- Mixed methods purpose statement -- Example 6-8: Concurrent mixed methods purpose statement -- Example 6-9: Sequential mixed methods purpose statement -- Example 6-10: Transformative concurrent mixed methods purpose statement -- Summary -- Writing exercises -- Additional readings -- 7: Research Questions And Hypotheses -- Qualitative research questions -- Example 7-1: Qualitative central question from an ethnography -- Example 7-2: Qualitative central questions from a case study -- Quantitative research questions and hypotheses -- Example 7-3: Null hypothesis -- Example 7-4: Directional hypotheses -- Example 7-5: Nondirectional and directional hypotheses -- Example 7-6: Standard use of language in hypotheses -- Model for descriptive questions and hypotheses -- Example 7-7: Descriptive and inferential questions -- Mixed methods research questions and hypotheses -- Example 7-8: Hypotheses and research questions in a mixed methods study -- Example 7-9: Mixed methods question written in terms of mixing procedures -- Summary -- Writing exercises -- Additional readings -- 8: Quantitative Methods -- Defining surveys and experiments -- Components of a survey method plan -- Survey design -- Population and sample -- Instrumentation -- Variables in the study -- Data analysis and interpretation -- Example 8-1: Survey method section -- Components of an experimental method plan -- Participants -- Variables -- Instrumentation and materials -- Experimental procedures -- Example 8-2: Pre-experimental designs -- Example 8-3: Quasi-experimental designs -- Example 8-4: True experimental designs -- Example 8-5: Single-subject designs -- Threats to validity -- Procedure -- Data analysis -- Interpreting results -- Example 8-6: Experimental method section -- Summary -- Writing exercises -- Additional readings. 9: Qualitative Procedures -- Characteristics of qualitative research -- Strategies of inquiry -- Researcher's role -- Data collection procedures -- Data recording procedures -- Data analysis and interpretation -- Reliability, validity, and generalizability -- Qualitative write-up -- Example 9-1: Qualitative procedures -- Summary -- Writing exercises -- Additional readings -- 10: Mixed Methods Procedures -- Components of mixed methods procedures -- Nature of mixed methods research -- Types of mixed methods strategies and visual models -- Planning mixed methods procedures -- Timing -- Weighting -- Mixing -- Theorizing or transforming perspectives -- Alternative strategies and visual models -- Sequential explanatory strategy -- Sequential exploratory strategy -- Sequential transformative strategy -- Concurrent triangulation strategy -- Concurrent embedded strategy -- Concurrent transformative strategy -- Choosing a mixed methods strategy -- Data collection procedures -- Data analysis and validation procedures -- Report presentation structure -- Examples of mixed methods procedures -- Example 10-1: Sequential strategy of inquiry -- Example 10-2: Concurrent strategy of inquiry -- Example 10-3: Transformative strategy of inquiry -- Summary -- Writing exercises -- Additional readings -- Glossary -- References -- Author index -- Subject index.