TY - BOOK AU - Condie, Kent C. TI - Earth: as an evolving planetary system SN - 9780123852274 U1 - 551.1 PY - 2011/// CY - Amsterdam PB - Elsevier KW - Earth N1 - Machine generated contents note: 1.Earth Systems -- Earth as a Planetary System -- Structure of Earth -- Plate Tectonics -- Is the Earth Unique? -- Interacting Earth Systems -- Further Reading -- 2.The Crust -- Introduction -- Seismic Crustal Structure -- The Moho -- Crustal Layers -- Complexities in the Lower Continental Crust -- Crustal Types -- Oceanic Crust -- Seismic Features -- Ocean Ridges -- Ocean Basins -- Volcanic Islands -- Trenches -- Back-Arc Basins -- Transitional Crust -- Oceanic Plateaus -- Arcs -- Continental Rifts -- Inland-Sea Basins -- Continental Crust -- Shields and Platforms -- Orogens -- Continent Size -- Heat Flow -- Heat Flow Distribution -- Heat Production and Heat Flow in the Continents -- Age Dependence of Heat Flow -- Exhumation and Cratonization -- Unraveling Pressure-Temperature-Time Histories -- Some Typical P-T-t Paths -- Cratonization -- Processes in the Continental Crust -- Rheology -- The Role of Fluids and Crustal Melts -- Crustal Composition -- Approaches -- Seismic Wave Velocities -- Seismic Reflections in the Lower Continental Crust -- Sampling of Precambrian Shields -- Use of Fine-Grained Detrital Sediments -- Exhumed Crustal Blocks -- Crustal Xenoliths -- An Estimate of Crustal Composition -- Continental Crust -- Oceanic Crust -- Complementary Compositions of Continental and Oceanic Crust -- Crustal Provinces and Terranes -- Crustal Province and Terrane Boundaries -- The United Plates of America -- Further Reading -- 3.Tectonic Settings -- Introduction -- Ocean Ridges -- Ocean Ridge Basalts -- Ophiolites -- General Features -- Tectonic Setting and Emplacement of Ophiolites -- Formation of Ophiolites -- Precambrian Ophiolites -- Tectonic Settings Related to Mantle Plumes -- Large Igneous Provinces -- Oceanic Plateaus and Aseismic Ridges -- Rifted Continental Margins -- Continental Flood Basalts -- Hotspot Volcanic Islands -- Giant Mafic Dyke Swarms -- Continental Rifts -- General Features -- Rock Assemblages Note continued: The Observational Database -- The Snowball Model -- Event 6 Mass Extinction at the End of the Permian -- General Features -- Evidence for Impact -- LIP Volcanism -- Shallow-Water Anoxia -- Catastrophic Methane Release -- Conclusions -- Event 7 The Cretaceous Superplume Event -- Geologic Evidence -- The Carbon Isotope and Trace Metal Record -- Seeking a Cause -- A Possible Superchron-Superplume Connection -- Event 8 Mass Extinction at the end of the Cretaceous -- General Features -- Seeking a Cause -- Evidence for Impact -- Iridium Anomalies -- Glass Spherules -- Soot -- Shocked Quartz -- Stishovite -- Chromium Isotopes -- LIP Volcanism -- Chicxulub and the K/T Impact Site -- Possibility of Multiple K/T Impacts -- Conclusions -- Further Reading -- 10.Comparative Planetary Evolution -- Introduction -- Condensation and Accretion of the Planets -- The Solar Nebula -- Emergence of Planets -- Homogeneous Accretion -- Chemical Composition of the Earth and the Moon -- Accretion of Earth -- The First 700 Million Years -- Members of the Solar System -- The Planets -- Mercury -- Mars -- Crustal Dichotomy -- Surface Features -- Martian History -- Venus -- In Comparison to Earth -- Volcanism -- The Venusian Core -- Crustal Plateaus -- Thermal History -- The Giant Planets -- Satellites and Planetary Rings -- General Features -- Planetary Rings -- The Moon -- Rotational History of the Earth-Moon System -- Satellite Origin -- Comets and Other Icy Bodies -- Asteroids -- Meteorites -- Chondrites -- SNC Meteorites -- Refractory Inclusions -- Iron Meteorites and Parent Body Cooling Rates -- Asteroid Sources -- Meteorite Chronology -- Impact Chronology of the Inner Solar System -- Volcanism in the Solar System -- Planetary Crusts -- Plate Tectonics -- Mineral Evolution -- Evolution of the Atmospheres of Earth, Venus, and Mars -- The Continuously Habitable Zone -- Comparative Planetary Ev ER -