TY  - BOOK
AU  - Manuel, Peter,
TI  - Cassette culture: popular music and technology in north India
SN  - 0226504018
U1  - 306.484 
PY  - 1993///
CY  - Chicago
PB  - University of Chicago Press
KW  - Popular music
KW  - India
KW  - History and criticism
KW  - Sound recording industry
KW  - Mass media and music
N1  - 1. Introduction: Theoretical Perspectives 
Cassettes and the New Media Technologies 
Cassette Technology and the "Democratic-Participant" Media 
Theoretical Approaches: Ethnomusicology and Media Theory 
Control of the Media 
Media Content 
Reception Theory: Effects and Audience Interpretations of Media Content 
Base and Superstructure in an Integrated Cultural Materialism 
Conclusions 

2. The Impact of Cassettes on the International Recording Industry 
Contrasting Patterns of Development 
The International Impact of Cassette Technology 
Cassette Piracy 
The Emergence of Legitimate Cassette Industries 

3. The Music Industry and Film Culture up to 1975 
The Growth of the Indian Record Industry 
Radio 
Film Music and Film Culture 
Film Music: Context and Content 
The Impact of Film Music on Folk Music 
Conclusions 

4. The Advent of Cassettes: New Alternatives to His Master's Voice 
Cassettes come to India 
Cassette Producers 
Financial and Technological Aspects of the Cassette Industry 
Promotion and Publicity 
Music-Industry Organizations 
Piracy 
Compact Discs 

5. Cassettes and the Modern Ghazal 
The Traditional Ghazal 
The Rise and Fall of the Film Ghazal 
The Modern Ghazal 
"Pop" Goes the Ghazal 
Conclusions 

6. Devotional Music 
Music and Bhakti in Hindu Culture 
Devotional Music and the Mass Media 
Ghazal, Cassettes, and the Emergence of the Pop Bhajan 
The Mainstream Pop Bhajan: Aesthetics, Ethos, and Commercialism 
"Great" and "Little Traditions" in Commercial Devotional Music 
Production and Marketing of Devotional Music 
Muslim Devotional Music 
Cassettes and Live Performance 
Conclusions 

7. The Politics of Parody: Tune-Borrowing in Popular and Folk Music 
Parody in Hindustani Music 
Parody in Folk Music 

"Versions": Recycling the Classics 
Copyright 
Conclusions 

8. Regional Musics 
Social Identity and Regional Syncretic Musics 
Cassettes and Diversification: Region, Language, and Genre 
Cassettes and Class Expression 
Gender 
The Impact of Commodification 
Song Texts in Regional Cassette-Based Music 
Cassettes and Lewd Regional Songs 
Cassettes and Live Performance 
Regional Cassette Musics 
Conclusions 

9. Rasiya: A Case Study in Commercialization 
Braj Culture and Rasiya 
Song Texts in Secular Folk Rasiya 
Gender Representation in Rasiya 
Rasiya and Socioeconomic Modernization 
Rasiya and Mass Culture 
Film Parodies and Hathrasi Rasiya 
The Advent of Cassettes 
Cassettes and the "Little Tradition" of Rasiya Bhakti 
Secular Rasiya Cassettes 
Song Texts in Commercial Rasiya 
Disparaging Perspectives 
M. H. Zaidi, Rasiya Producer 
Singer-Poet Sevaram "Tanatan" Sharma 
Conclusions 

10. Cassettes and Sociopolitical Movements 
Jagori: Cassettes and Women's Liberation 
Regional Movements in Eastern Bihar 
Cassettes and the 1989 Elections 
Regional and Sectarian Movements
ER  -