The Liberjam Ayodhya Commission of inquiry, 2009: a report on demolition of structure at Ayodhya of Raja Janambhoomi Babri Masjid on 6th December 1992/
Liberhan, Justice Manmohan Singh
- New Delhi: Akalank Publications, 2010.
- xi, 484 p.: maps; 28cm.
Chairperson: Manmohan Singh Liberhan. "Special supplement no. 1 of 2010 to JMJ Book Info, a monthly information relating to new available law and other publications plus news from government gazettes, etc."
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction 2. The mandate of the commission 3. Before I present my report 4. An enquiry serves many purposes 5. The magnitude and scope of the enquiry 6. The nature of the enquiry 7. The participants, willing and otherwise, in the enquiry 8. The background to the dispute
CHAPTER 2 : AYODHYA AND ITS GEOGRAPHY 9. Ayodhya and its Geography 10. Modern Ayodhya 11. The "disputed structure" 12. The layout of the Disputed Structure
CHAPTER 3: THE POLICE ADMINISTRATION 13. The Police Administration * 14. Magistrates 15. The Provincial Armed Constabulary 16. Criminal Procedures, the police, administration and the.public
CHAPTER 4: SEQUENCE OF EVENTS 17. The Sequence of Events 18. Background 19. The formation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and rise of the "Hindu Nationalism" 20. The Hindu - Muslim Divide 21. The events from 1949 onwards 22. The emergence of the Sangh Parivar 23. The 1960s and later events 24. Ayodhya turns into an "issue"; the creation of specialized organisations 25. The opening of the locks at Ayodhya 26. Protests and other initiatives after the opening of the locks 27. The events of 1989 28. The architects of the Shiia Nyas and the Karseva 29. February, 1990 30. The incidents of 1991 31. The events of 1992 . - 32. February, 1992 33. March, 1992" 34. April, 1992 , , . 35. May, 1992 36. June, 1992 . . 37. July, 1992 : • ' , , . 38. August, 1992 39. September, 1992 . n 40. October, 1992 - 41. November, 1992 42. December, 1992 43. The Fourth of December, 1992 44. The Sixth of December, 1992 45. A brief summation of the factual matrix 46. Persons or leaders or Sadhus and Sants who participate.d in the movement 47. Muslim leaders 48. Leaders of movement with no particular role except participating in some negotiaiicns 49. People to whom no definite role can attributsd owing to a complete lack of evidence against them, but who were participants in the so-called Dharam Sansad meetings
CHAPTER 5 : THE ADMINISTRATION / 50. The Administration 51. The political climate at the time 52. The complicity of the administration ; 53. The prohibition on use of firearms 54. The general psyche and the perceptions ^ • 55. The concentration of executive power
CHARTERS: MOBILISATION OF KARSEVAKS 56. The Mobilisation of Karsevaks 57. The cleavage between Hindus and Muslims 58. Mobilisation of the masses 59. The intensification of the Ayodhya campaign 60. Mobilisation around 1990 61. Later events, leading up to December, 1992
CHAPTER 7: SECURITY SETUP AND ENVIRONMENT 62. The Security Setup and Environment 63. The State's duty to secure and to protect 64. The power to police the state 65. Good Governance 66. The genesis of the dispute and the Sangh Parivar 67. Bringing the "issue" to the forefront 68. Ayodhya and the surrounding areas 69. The Shilanyas and the Shila Pujan programme 70. Formation of the BJP Government in UP in 1991 71. BJP's Success in the elections 72. The dismantling of the security apparatus 73. The last quarter of 1991 74. Planning for security 75. State of the security arrangements in 1992 76. December, 1992 77. Gross mismanagement and dereliction of duty 78. The inadequacy of planning and response
CHAPTER 8: CIRCUMSTANCES 79. Circumstances 80. The Ayodhya "Issue" 81. The role of the political leadership 82. The legislators 83. The wedge between the Hindus and the Muslims 84. The post independence circumstances 85. The growth of the RSS 86. The changing nature of the polity 87. The temple movement 88. The police and the civil administration 89. The nature of the movement 90. TheKarsevaks 91. The people at the helm of affairs 92. The adherence to the manifesto 93. The exploitation of religion 94. The failure of the BJP as a responsible political party . • . - 95. The 1990 Karseva 96. The elections and the manifesto 97. The BJP Government 98. The Sadhus and Sants : n 99. The failures of December 6th, 100. A blinkered government 101. The alternative suggestion 102. Confucius said, "In human relationship, a gentleman seeks harmony but not uniformity" 103. The state, incommunicado 104. The civil servants 105. The contradictory stand of the VHP
CHAPTER 9 : ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR INTER SE LINKS 106. The Organisations and their Inter-Se Links 107. A conscious attempt to deny and obscure the linkages 108. The relevance of theories and ideologies 109. The foundation of the Hindu movement and the Sangh Parivar 110. The commonality of thought 111. The genealogy of the Sangh Parivar 112. The Swayam Sevaks 113. The hierarchy of the RSS 114. The pervasive command and control of the RSS and its guidance of the Ayodhya movement ' 115. The Bajrang Dal 116. ShivSena 117. Ram Janambhoomi Nyas 118. Dharam Sansad 119. Vishwa Hindu Parishad 120. The Sangh Parivar, Hinduism and Hindu
CHAPTER 10 : THE JOINT COMMON ENTERPRISE 121. The Joint Common Enterprise 122. The seeds of the conspiracy 123. The organizations involved ' / 124. The prominent individuals and their link with the RSS " 125. The methods employed 126. The use of slogans as war cries 127. The key events 128. The patent objectives of the movement and the crowds gathered at Ayodhya on the 6th of December, 1992 129. The acquisition of the land 130. The subversion of the UP government 131. The RSS's saffron bands 132. The attack on the disputed structure 133. The Joint Common Enterprise
CHAPTER 11: PRESIDENT'S RULE 134. President's Rule 135. Background 136. Emergency powers of the President of India 137. An emergency in Ayodhya 138. The perception of the Union Government 139. The proceedings before the Supreme Court 140. The handicap of the Central Government 141. The Sarkaria Commission's recommendations 142. The article of last resort • , 143. The vital questions 144. A strong centre for a strong country
CHAPTER 12 ^ : SECULARISM 145. Secularism 146. The definition of Secularism 147. Intolerance in Ayodhya 148. The Sangh Parivar and secularism 149. The need for a concerted effort for change 150. What can be done to defend to secularism?
CHAPTER 13: THE ASSAULT ON THE MEDIA 151. The Assault on the Media 152. The presence of the media 153. The bias against the media 154. Crossing the boundaries 155. The timing of the attacks 156. Gaps in the evidence 157. In conclusion
CHAPTER 14 : CONCLUSIONS 158. Conclusions 159. The sequence of events leading to, and all the facts and circumstances relating to, the occurrence in the Ram Janambhoomi - Babri Masjid Complex at Ayodhya on 6th December, 1992 involving the destruction of the Ram Janambhoomi - Babri Masjid structure; 160. The role played by the Chief Minister, Members of the Council of Ministers, officials of the Government of Uttar Pradesh and by the individuals, concerned organizations and agencies in or in connection with the destruction of the Ram Janambhoomi-Babri Masjid structure; 161. The deficiencies in the security measures and other arrangements as prescribed or operated in practice by the Government of Uttar Pradesh which might have contributed to the events that took place in the Ram Janambhoomi-Babri Masjid Complex, Ayodhya town and Faizabad on 6th December, 1992 162. The sequence of events leading to, and all the facts and circumstances relating to, the assault on media persons at Ayodhya on 6th December, 1992 163. Any other matter related to the subject of inquiry 164. The standards of culpability 165. The Sangh Parivar 166. The pseudo-moderate elements within the Parivar 167. The Muslim Organizations 168. The civil servants and police officers of Uttar Pradesh 169. The government. Chief Minister and the cabinet of Uttar Pradesh 170. The attacks on the press 171. Individual culpability
CHAPTER 15 : RECOMMENDATIONS 172. Recommendations 173. Civil Services Riot Control 174. Intelligence agencies 175. Centre State relations 176. Religious and cultural sites 177. The Press 178. Afterword
CHAPTER 16 : AFTERWORD
ANNEXURES List of witnesses who appeared before the Commission c/ Commission's Witnesses Central Government's Witnesses Defence Witnesses
MAPS MEMORANDUM OF ACTION TAKEN ON THE REPORT OF THE LIBERHAN AYODHYA COMMISSION OF INQUIRY 1. General 2. Recommendations pertaining to the Civil Services 3. Recommendations pertaining to the Riot Control 4. Recommendations pertaining to the Intelligence Agencies 5. Recommendations pertaining to the Centre State Relations 6. Recommendations pertaining to the Religious and Cultural Sites 7. Recommendations pertaining to the Press
Babari Masjid (Faizabad, India) Muslims -- India -- Faizabad. Communalism -- India -- Faizabad.