Natural disaster management for wastewater treatment facilities/
Water Environment Federation
- Alexandria: Water Environment Federation, 1999.
- xiv, 119 p. ill., maps ; 26 cm.
Preface 1 Introduction Reference 2 Elements of Earthquakes
Physics
Introduction Experiencing an Earthquake Permanent Ground Movements Tsunamis and Seiches Aftershocks Earthquake Mechanisms Structure of the Earth and Plate Tectonics Causes of Earthquakes at Plate Boundaries Intraplate Earthquakes Measures of Earthquake Location, Magnitude, and Effects Hypocenters, Epicenters, and Focal Depths Richter Magnitude Moment Magnitude and Other Measures Interpretation of Magnitude Scales Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale Earthquake Ground Motion Basics of Ground Motion Characteristics Ground Motion Attenuation Local Amplification of Ground Motion Effect of the Frequency or Period of Vibration Regional Differences in Ground Motion
Vulnerability
Types of Damage Damage from Shaking Damage from Ground Liquefaction Damage from Landslides Damage from Fire Following the Earthquake Damage from Tsunamis Damage from Seiches Assessing Plant Vulnerability Seismic Hazard Maps Local Soil and Rock Conditions Ground Motion Amplification Liquefaction and Landslide Potential Other Hazards Types and Conditions of Structures and Facilities General Community wide Damage/Losses
Expected Damage
Life Safety Building Collapse Chlorine or Sulfur Dioxide Gas Release Methane, Hydrogen Sulfide, Gas Production/Release and Explosion/Inhalation Fire Gallery Flooding Electrical Shock Public Health Sewers Wastewater Treatment Plant Hydraulic Flow Disinfection Effluent Disposal Pumping Stations Environmental Protection and Economic Impact Environmental Protection Economic Impact Dependency on Other Lifeline Systems Water (Potable or Plant) Communication Transportation Fuel References Suggested Reading 3 Elements of Floods
Physics of Floods
Flood Severity Terminology Floodplain Floodway Floodway Fringe Protecting the Facility How Vulnerable Is a Wastewater Treatment Plant? Information Sources of Flood Potential Information During Emergency Situations Small Basins Larger Watersheds Advanced Planning for Floods Emergency Operations Normal Flood Events Floods Inundating the Facility Other Considerations Expected Damages Damage Checklist 4 Elements of Hurricanes
Physics
Introduction Definition of a Hurricane Hurricane Formation Water Temperature Strength Geographical Distribution
Vulnerability
The Inland Reach of Hurricanes Hurricane Impacts Controlling the Effects of Hurricanes Tornadoes Damage The Future
Expected Damage at a Wastewater Treatment Plant
Damaging Effects Wind Flying Debris High Water Effects on Structures Effects on Electrical Equipment Effects on Mechanical Equipment Effects on Process Units Effects on Miscellaneous Items Effects on Utilities Effects on Personnel 5 Last-Minute Planning Assessing Wastewater Treatment Plant Vulnerability Emergency Response Mission and Operations References 6 Execution of a Disaster Management Plan Organizing During an Emergency Planning an Emergency Response Communicating the Incident Action Plan During an Emergency Taking Action Mutual Aid Final Recovery Initial Recovery Long-Term Recovery Activities Expenditure Documentation Appendix A: Earthquake Case Studies Case Study I: The 1994 Northridge Earthquake Background Emergency Preparedness/Response System Level I: Minor Emergency Level II: Major Emergency Level III: Catastrophic Emergency Earthquake Damage Damage to the Valencia Water Reclamation Plant Damage to the Saugus Water Reclamation Plant Damage to and Repair of the Trunk Sewer Collection System Short-Term Repair Efforts Valencia Water Reclamation Plant January 17 January 18 January 19 January 20 January 21 Saugus Water Reclamation Plant Santa Clarita Valley Collection System Long-Term Repair Efforts Valencia Water Reclamation Plant Saugus Water Reclamation Plant Trunk Sewer Collection System Future Needs/Lessons Learned Key, Trained Personnel Living near County Sanitation Districts of LosAngeles County Facilities Communications Additional Crews and Contractors On-Site Storage of Food and Lodging for Crews Availability of Emergency Equipment Field and Warehouse Supplies Alternate Fuel and Chemical Suppliers Improvements in Seismic Design Detailed Documentation for Reimbursement Case Study II: San Francisco/Loma Prieta Plant Operations Lessons Learned Case Study III: New Madrid Fault References Appendix B; Flood Case Studies Case Study I: Des Moines, Iowa Introduction Preliminary Events The Primary Flood Event Collection Systems Operations Documentation Lessons Learned Case Study II: Jefferson City, Missouri Introduction Description of the Flood Recovering from the Flood Damage Assessments Lessons Learned Case Study III: Missouri River Wastewater Treatment Plant Background Valley Flood Wastewater Treatment Plant Flood Recovery Lessons Learned Appendix C; Hurricane Case Studies Case Study I: Hurricane Hugo—South Carolina Introduction Damaging Effects Effects on Structures Effects on Electrical Equipment Effects on Mechanical Equipment Effects on Process Units Miscellaneous Effects Effects on Utilities Case Study II: Hurricane Andrew—South Florida Introduction Preparation for Hurricane Andrew Disaster Strikes Recovery from the Storm Lessons Learned References Appendix D: Federal Emergency Management Agency Regional Offices Index