Programming with Java: a primer / E. Balagurusamy

I FUNDAMENTALS OF OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
I. I Introduction
1.2 Object-Oriented Paradigm
1.3 Basic Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming
Objects and classes 3
Data abstraction and encapsulation 4
Inheritance 5
Polymorphism 6
Dynamic binding 6
Message communication 7
1.4 Benefits of OOP
1.5 Applications of OOP
1.6 Summary
Review Questions
Z JAVA EVOLUTION
2.1 Java History
2.2 Java Features
Compiled and interpreted 13
Plcufcnrn4ndependent and portable 14
Object-oriented 14
Robust and secure 14
Distributed 14
Simple, small and familiar 15
Multithreaded and interactive 15
High performance 15
Dynamic and extensible 15
2.3 How Java Differs from C and C+ +
Java and C 16
Java and G+ + 16
2.4 Java and Internet
2.5 Java and World Wide Web
2.6 Web Browsers
HotJava 20
Netscape Navigator 21
Internet Explorer 21
2.7 Hardware and Software Requirements
2.8 Java Support Systems
2.9 Java Environment
Java development kit 22
Application Programming Interface 23
2.10 Summary
Review Questions
OVERVIEW OF JAVA LANGUAGE
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Simple Java Program
Class declaration 28
Opening brace 28
The main line 28
The output line 29
3.3 More of Java
Use of math functions 30
Comments 30
3.4 An Application with Two Classes
3.5 Java Program Structure
Documentation section 32
Package statement 32
Import statements 33
Interface statements 33
Class definitions 33
Main method class 33
3.6 Java Tokens
Java character set 35
Keywords 35
Identifiers 36
Literals 37
Operators 37
Separators 37
3.7 Java Statements
3.8 Implementing a Java Program
Creating the program 40
Compiling the program 40
Running the program 41
Machine neutral 42
3.9 Java Virtual Machine
3.10 Command Line Arguments
3.1 1 Programming Style
3.12 Summary
Review Questions
CONSTANTS, VARIABLES, AND DATA TYPES
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Constants
Integer constants 47
Real constants 48
Single character constants 49
String constants 49
Backslash character constants 49
4.3 Variables
4.4 Data Types
Integer types 51
Floating point types 52
Character type 53
Boolean type 53
4.5 Declaration of Variables
4.6 Giving Values to Variables
Assignment statement 54
Read statement 55
4.7 Scope of Variables
4.8 Symbolic Constants
Modifiability 58
Understandability 58
4.9 Type Casting
Automatic conversion 59
4.10 Getting Values of Variables
4.1 1 Standard Default Values
4.12 Summary
Review Questions
OPERATORS AND EXPRESSIONS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Arithmetic Operators
Integer arithmetic 67
Real arithmetic 67
Mixed-mode arithmetic 68
5.3 Relational Operators
5.4 Logical Operators
5.5 Assignment Operators
5.6 Increment and Decrement Operators
5.7 Conditional Operator
5.8 Bitwise Operators
5.9 Special Operators
instanceof operator 75
Dot operator 75
5.10 Arithmetic Expressions
5.1 1 Evaluation of Expressions
5.12 Precedence of Arithmetic Operators
5.13 Type Conversions in Expressions
Automatic type conversion 78
Casting a value 79
5.14 Operator Precedence and Associativity
5.15 Mathematical Functions
5.16 Summary
Review Questions
6 DECISION MAKING AND BRANCHING
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Decision Making with if Statement
6.3 Simple if Statement
6.4 The if...else Statement
6.5 Nesting of if...else Statements
6.6 The else If Ladder
6.7 The switch Statement
6.8 The ?: Operator
6.9 Summary
Review Questions
7 DECISION MAKING AND LOOPING
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The while Statement
7.3 The do Statement
7.4 The for Statement
AddUioncd features of for loop 119
Nesting of for haps 121
7.5 Jumps in Loops
Jumping out of a hop 123
Skipping a part of a hop 123
7.6 Labelled Loops
7.7 Summary
Review Questions
8 " CLASSES, OBJECTS AND METHODS
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Defining a Class
8.3 Adding Variables
8.4 Adding Methods
8.5 Creating Objects
8.6 Accessing Class Members
8.7 Constructors
8.8 Methods Overloading
8.9 Static Members
8.10 Nesting of Methods
8. i I Inheritance: Extending a Class
Defining a subclass 142
Subclass constructor 145
Multilevel inheritance 145
Hierarchical inheritance 146
8.12 Overriding Methods
8.13 Final Variables and Methods
8.14 Final Classes
8.15 Finalizer Methods
8.16 Abstract Methods and Classes
8.17 Visibility Control
public access 150
friendly access 150
protected access 151
private access 151
private protected access 151
Rules of Thumb 152
8.18 Summary
Review Questions
ARRAYS, STRINGS AND VECTORS
9.1 Arrays
9.2 One-Dimensional Arrays
9.3 Creating an Array
Declaration of arrays 157
Creation of arrays 157
Initialization of arrays 158
Array length 160
9.4 Two-Dimensional Arrays
Variable size arrays 164
9.5 Strings
String arrays 166
String methods 166
StringBuffer class 167
9.6 Vectors
9.7 Wrapper Classes
9.8 Summary
Review Questions
'l" INTERFACES: MULTIPLE INHERITANCE
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Defining Interfaces
10.3 Extending Interfaces
10.4 Implementing Interfaces
10.5 Accessing Interface Variables
10.6 Summary
Review Questions
*|T " PACKAGES: PUTTING CLASSES TOGETHER
1 1.1 Introduction
1 1.2 Java API Packages
1 1.3 Using System Packages
1 1.4 Naming Conventions
1 1.5 Creating Packages
1 1.6 Accessing a Package
1 1.7 Using a Package
1 1.8 Adding a Class to a Package
1 1.9 Hiding Classes
1 1.10 Summary
Review Questions
"i" " multithreaded programming
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Creating Threads
12.3 Extending the Thread Class
Declaring the class 204
Implementing the run( ) method 205
Starting new thread 205
An example of using the thread class 205
12.4 Stopping and Blocking a Thread
Stopping a thread 208
Blocking a thread 208
12.5 Life Cycle of a Thread
Newborn state 209
Runnable state 210
Running state 210
Blocked state 212
Dead state 212
12.6 Using Thread Methods
12.7 Thread Exceptions
12.8 Thread Priority
12.9 Synchronization
12.10 implementing the 'Runnable' Interface
12.11 Summary
Review Questions
13 MANAGING ERRORS AND EXCEPTIONS
7'
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Types of Errors
Compile-time errors 223
Run-time errors 225
13.3 Exceptions
13.4 Syntax of Exception Handling Code
13.5 Multiple Catch Statements
13.6 Using finally Statement
13.7 Throwing Our Own Exceptions
13.8 Using Exceptions for Debugging
13.9 Summary
Review Questions
14 APPLET PROGRAMMING
V""
14.1 Introduction
Local and remote applets 237
14.2 How Applets Differ from Applications
14.3 Preparing to Write Applets
14.4 Building Applet Code
14.5 Applet Life Cycle
Initialization state 244
Running state 244
Idle or stopped state 244
Dead state 245
Display state 245
14.6 Creating an Executable Applet
14.7 Designing a Web Page
Comment section 246
Head section 246
Body section 247
14.8 Applet Tag
14.9 Adding Applet to HTML File
14.10 Running the Applet
14.1 1 More About Applet Tag
14.12 Passing Parameters to Applets
14.13 Aligning the Display
14.14 More About HTML Tags
14.15 Displaying Numerical Values
14.16 Getting Input from the User
Program analysis 261
14.17 Summary
Review Questions
15 GRAPHICS PROGRAMMING
15.1 Introduction
15.2 The Graphics Class
15.3 Lines and Rectangles
15.4 Circles and Ellipses
15.5 Drawing Arcs
15.6 Drawing Polygons
15.7 Line Graphs
15.8 Using Control Loops in Applets
15.9 Drawing Bar Charts
15.10 Summary
Review Questions
16 MANAGING INPUT/OUTPUT FILES IN JAVA
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Concept of Streams
16.3 Stream Classes
16.4 Byte Stream Classes
Input stream classes 285
Output stream classes 28 f
16.5 Character Stream Classes
Reader stream Classes 289
Writer stream Classes 289
16.6 Using Streams
16.7 Other Useful I/O Classes
16.8 Using the File Class
16.9 Input / Output Exceptions
16.10 Creation of Files
16. I I Reading / Writing Characters
16.12 Reading / Writing Bytes
16.13 Handling Primitive Data Types
16.14 Concatenating and Buffering Files
16.15 Random Access Files
16.16 Interactive Input and Output
Simple Input and Output 313
Graphical Input and Output 315
16.17 Other Stream Classes
Object streams 323
Piped streams 323
Pushback streams 323
Filtered streams 324