Programming in C ++: a primer / E Balagurusamy

includes index

1. Introducing C#
1.1 What is C#? 1
1.2 WhyC#? 1
1.3 Evolution of C# 3
1.4 Characteristics of C# 4
1.5 Applications of C# 5
1.6 How does C# Differ from €++ ? 6
1.7 How does C# Differ from Java ? 7
Ca^e Study 8
Review Questions 9
2. Understanding .NET: The C# Environment
2.1 The .Net Strategy 11
2.2 The Origins of .NET Technology 12
2.3 The .NET Framework 13
2.4 The Common Language Runtime 13
2.5 Framework Base Classes 15
2.6 User and Program Interfaces 15
2.7 Visual Studio .NET 15
2.8 .NET Languages 15
2.9 Benefits of the .NET Approach 16
2.10 C# and the .NET 16
Case Study 17
Review Questions 17
3. Overview of C#
3.1 Introduction 18
3.2 A Simple C# Program 18
3.3 Namespaces 20
3.4 Adding Comments 21
3.5 Main Returning a Value 22
3.6 Using Aliases for Namespace Classes 22
3.7 Passing String Objects to WriteLine Method 23
3.8 Command Line Arguments 23
3.9 Main with a Class 25
3.10 Providing Interactive Input 26
3.11 Using Mathematical Functions 2 7
3.12 Multiple Main Methods 28
3.13 Compile Time Errors 28
3.14 Program Structure 29
3.15 Program Coding Style 30
Case Study 30
Common Programming Errors 31
Review Questions 32
Debugging Exercises 32
Programming Exercises, 33
Literals, Variables and Data Types
4.1 Introduction 34
4.2 Literals 36
4.3 Variables 39
4.4 Data Types 39
4.5 Value Types 40
4.6 Reference Types 43
A.l Declaration of Variables 43
4.8 Initialization of Variables 44
4.9 Default Values 44
4.10 Constant Variables 45
4.11 Scope of Variables 46
4.12 Boxing and Unboxing 48
Case Study 49
Common Programming Errors 50
Review Questions 51
Debugging Exercises 52
Programming Exercises 53
Operators and Expressions
5.1 Introduction 55
5.2 Arithmetic Operators 55
5.3 Relational Operators 57
5.4 Logical Operators 58
5.5 Assigmnent Operators 59
5.6 Increment and Decrement Operators 59
5.7 Conditional Operator 60
5.8 Bitwise Operators 61
5.9 Special Operators 62
5.10 Arithmetic Expressions 62
5.11 Evaluation of Expressions 63
5.12 Precedence of Arithmetic Operators 64
5.13 Type Conversions 65
5.14 Operator Precedence and Associativity 69
5.15 Mathematical Functions 72
Case Study 73
Common Programming Errors 75
Review Questions 75
Debugging Exercises 77
Programming Exercises 77
6. Decision Making and Branching
6.1 Introduction 80
6.2 Decision Making with if Statement 80
6.3 Simple if Statement 81
6.4 The if... else Statement 82
6.5 Nesting of if... else Statements 86
6.6 The else if Ladder 88
6.7 The Switch Statement 90
6.8 The ? : Operator 95
Case Study 96
Common Programming Errors 97
Review Questions 98
Debugging Exercises 99
Programming Exercises 100
7. Decision Making and Looping
7.1 Introduction 102
7.2 The while Statement 103
7.3 The do Statement 104
1A The for Statement 108
7.5 The foreach Statement 113
7.6 Jiunps in Loops 114
Case Study 118
Common Programming Errors 120
Review Questions 120
Debugging Exercises 123
Programming Exercises 124
8. Methods in C#
8.1
Introduction 125
8.2
Declaring Methods
125
8.3
The Main Method 126
8.4
Invoking Methods 127
8.5
Nesting of Methods 128
8.6 Method Parameters 129
8.7 Pass by Value 129 |
8.8 Pass by Reference 130 i
8.9 The Output Parameters 131
8.10 Variable Argument Lists 132
8.11 Methods Overloading 135
Case Study 137
Common Programming Errors 140 .
Review Questions 141
Debugging Exercises 142
Programming Exercises 143
Handling Arrays
9.1 Introduction 145
9.2 One-Dimensional Arrays 145
9.3 Creating an Array 146
9.4 Two-Dimensional Arrays 150
9.5 Variable-Size Arrays 152
9.6 The System.Array Class 153
9.7 ArrayList Class 154
Case Study 160
Common Programming Errors 163
Review Questions 163
Debugging Exercises 164
Programming Exercises 165
10. Manipulating Strings
10.1 Introduction 168
10.2 Creating Strings 168
10.3 String Methods 170
10.4 Inserting Strings 171
10.5 Comparing Strings 173
10.6 Finding Substrings 174
10.7 Mutable Strings 174
10.8 Arrays of Strings 177
10.9 Regular Expressions 179
Case Study 182
Common Programming Errors 184
Review Questions 185
Debugging Exercises 186
Programming Exercises 188
11. Structures and Enumerations
11.1 Introduction 7 90
11.2 Structures 190
11.3 Structs with Methods 192
11.4 Nested Structs 194
11.5 Differences between Classes and Structs 197
11.6 Enumerations 198
11.7 Enumerator Initialization 201
11.8 Enumerator Base Types 202
11.9 Enumerator Type Conversion 203
Case Study 204
Common Programming Errors 206
Review Questions 206
Debugging Exercises 208
Programming Exercises 210
12. Classes and Objects
12.1 Introduction 212
12.2 Basic Principles of OOP 212
12.3 Defining a Class 213
12.4 Adding Variables 213
12.5 Adding Methods 214
12.6 Member Access Modifiers 216
12.7 Creating Objects 217
12.8 Accessing Class Members 218
12.9 Constructors 219
12.10 Overloaded Constructors 221
12.11 Static Members 222
12.12 Static Constructors 223
12.13 Private Constructors 223
,12.14 Copy Constructors 223
12.15 Destructors 224
12.16 Member Initialization 224
12.17 The this Reference 225
12.18 Nesting of Classes 225
12.19 Constant Members 227
12.20 Read-only Members 227
12.21 Properties 228
12.22 Indexers 230
Case Study 233
Common Programming Errors 235
Review Questions 236
Debugging Exercises 240
Programming Exercises 242
13. Inheritance and Polymorphism
13.1 Introduction 244
13.2 Classical Inheritance 244
13.3 Containment Inheritance 245
13.4 Defining a Subclass 245
13.5 Visibility Control 247
13.6 Defining Subclass Constructors 250
13.7 Multilevel Inheritance 252
13.8 Hierarchical Inheritance 256
13.9 Overriding Methods 256
13.10 Hiding Methods 257
13.11 Abstract Classes 259
13.12 Abstract Methods 259
13.13 Sealed Classes: Preventing Inheritance 260
13.14 Sealed Methods 260
13.15 Polymorphism 261
Case Study 266
Common Programming Errors 268
Review Questions 268
Debugging Exercises 271
Programming Exercises 272
14. Interface: Multiple Inheritance
14.1 Introduction 275
14.2 Defining an Interface 275
14.3 Extending an Interface 276
14.4 Implementing Interfaces 277
14.5 Interfaces and Inheritance 280
14.6 Explicit Interface Implementation 281
14.7 Abstract Class and Interfaces 284
Case Study 287
Common Programming Errors 289
Review Questions 289
Debugging Exercises 291
15. Operator Overloading
15.1 Introduction 295
15.2 Overloadable Operators 295
15.3 Need for Operator Overloading 296
15.4 Defining Operator Overloading 296
15.5 Overloading Unary Operators 297
15.6 Overloading Binary Operators 298
15.7 Overloading Comparison Operators 300
Case Study 307
Common Programming Errors 309
Review Questions 309
Debugging Exercises 310
Programming Exercises 314
16. Delegates and Events
16.1 Introduction 315
16.2 Delegates 315
16.3 Delegate Declaration 316
16.4 Delegate Methods 316
16.5 Delegate Instantiation 317
16.6 Delegate Invocation 319
16.7 Using Delegates 319
16.8 Multicast Delegates 320
16.9 Events 322
Case Study 329
Review Questions 331
Debugging Exercises 333
17. Managing Console I/O Operations
17.1 Introduction 336
17.2 The Console Class 336
17.3 Console Input 336
17.4 Console Output 337
17.5 Formatted Output 339
17.6 Numeric Formatting 340
ll.l Standard Numeric Format 340
17.8 Custom Numeric Format 342
Case Study 345
Review Questions 348
Debugging Exercises 348
Programming Exercises 350
18. Managing Errors and Exceptions
18.1 Introduction 352
18.2 What is Debugging? 352
18.3 Types of Errors 352
18.4 Exceptions 354
18.5 Syntax ofException Handling Code 355
18.6 Multiple Catch Statements 357
18.7 The Exception Hierarchy 358
18.8 General Catch Handler 359
18.9 Using Finally Statement 360
18.10 Nested Try Blocks 361
18.11 Throwing Our Own Exceptions 363
18.12 Checked and Unchecked Operators 368
18.13 Using Exceptions for Debugging 368
Case Study 368
Common Programming Errors 371
Review Questions 372
Debugging Exercises 3 73
Programming Exercises 376
19. Multithreading in C#
19.1 Introduction 377
19.2 Understanding the System.Threading Namespace 377
19.3 Creating and Starting a Thread 380
19.4 Scheduling a Thread 382
19.5 Synchronising Threads 384
19.6 Thread Pooling 386
Case Study 388
Common Programming Errors 390
Review Questions 390
Programming Exercises 390
20. WindowForms and Web-based Application Development on .NET
20.1 Introduction 392
20.2 Creating WindowForms 392
20.3 Customizing a Form 394
20.4 Understanding Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 398
20.5 Creating and Running a SampleWinApp Windows Application 402
20.6 Overview of Design Patterns 407
20.7 Creating and Running a SampleWinApp2 Windows Application 408
20.8 Web-based Application on .NET 418
Case Study 433
Common Programming Errors 43 7
Review Questions 437
Programming Exercises 438