Introduction to International Relations: Enduring Questions and Contemporary Perspectives

Machine generated contents note: 1.Understanding International Relations --
Did you know that what we currently consider international relations can be traced back at least 2,500 years? --
How Does International Relations Affect Us? --
Who is Involved in International Relations? --
How Do These Actors Get What They Want in International Relations? --
How Can We Understand and Analyze International Relations? --
Theoretical Foundations --
Levels of Analysis --
Making Connections: Aspiration versus Reality --
Recognizing Enduring Questions --
Making Connections: Then and Now --
Research Insight --
How Can We View World Politics from Different Perspectives? --
Recognizing Great-Power Centrism --
Recognizing Cleavages within the International System --
Looking Ahead --
2.The Emergence of a Global System of States, 1500-Today --
How did a fragmented world become a global, integrated system of states for which order is an ongoing problem? --
Starting Point: The World in 1500 --
The Formation of the International Political System, 1500-1900 --
A State System Emerges in Western Europe --
European Pursuit of Foreign Empire --
Why were European States Successful Imperialists? --
World War I and World War II, 1900-45 --
World War I --
The Interwar Period: Failed Global Reconstruction, 1919-39 --
War Comes Again to Europe and the World, 1939-45 --
The Global Struggle of the Cold War, 1945-89 --
The World in 1945 --
Explaining the Origins of the Cold War --
The Cold War as an International Order --
The End of the Cold War and the Collapse of the Soviet Union --
The View from the South: Decolonization, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the Quest for a New International Economic Order --
Decolonization --
The Non-Aligned Movement and Pressure for a New International Economic Order --
The Contemporary International Order, 1989-Present --
From the Unipolar Era to the Return of Great-Power Politics --
Globalization and Its Discontents --
The Prevalence of International Terrorism --
Revisiting the Enduring Question and Looking Ahead --
3.Theories of International Relations --
How do theoretical traditions in international relations differ on how to understand actors and their behavior on the global stage? --
The Realist Tradition --
Realist Assumptions --
Realist Propositions --
The English School of International Relations --
The Liberal Tradition --
Liberal Assumptions --
Liberal Propositions --
Neo-Liberal Institutionalism --
The Marxist Tradition --
Marxist Assumptions --
Marxist Propositions --
The Constructivist Tradition --
Constructivist Assumptions --
Constructivist Propositions --
Critical Theory and the Feminist Tradition --
The Feminist Tradition --
Feminist Propositions --
Comparing Traditions --
Revisiting the Enduring Question and Looking Ahead --
4.The Analysis of Foreign Policy --
What motivates and influences the behavior of states toward one another? --
Foreign Policy Analysis: Connections to International Relations --
The Study of International Relations and the Analysis of Foreign Policy --
Core Concepts of Foreign Policy --
Foreign Policy Interests --
Foreign Policy Strategy --
The Sources of Foreign Policy --
Sources of Foreign Policy at the Individual Level of Analysis --
Sources of Foreign Policy at the State Level of Analysis --
Sources of Foreign Policy at the International Level of Analysis --
How and Why States Change Their Foreign Policy --
Sources of Foreign Policy Change at the Individual Level of Analysis --
Sources of Foreign Policy Change at the State Level of Analysis --
Sources of Foreign Policy Change at the International Level of Analysis --
Revisiting the Enduring Question and Looking Ahead --
5.Framing International Relations: The Role of Laws and Organizations --
How important are international laws and organizations in a world of sovereign states? --
Basic Concepts and Distinctions --
Types of International Law --
Types of International Organization --
Domestic vs. International Law --
Domains of International Law and Organizations --
When May States Launch Wars? --
Humanitarian Intervention and the 'Responsibility to Protect' --
International Law and the Human Rights Revolution --
The World's Oceans and Waterways --
Theoretical Explanations for the Existence of International Law and Organizations --
The Liberal Tradition: Law as Functional Problem-Solver --
The Realist Tradition: Law as Derivative of State Power and Interests --
The Marxist Tradition: Law Reinforces the Economic Divide --
The Constructivist Tradition: Law Embodies the Norms of World Politics --
Theoretical Explanations for the Effectiveness of International Law and Organizations --
The Liberal Tradition --
The Realist Tradition --
The Constructivist Tradition --
Revisiting the Enduring Question and Looking Ahead --
6.War and Its Causes --
Why is war a persistent feature of international relations? --
Wars between Countries --
Types of Military Conflicts between Countries --
Incidence of International Military Conflicts --
Lethality of International Wars --
Immediate Causes of War --
Underlying Causes of War: The Individual Level of Analysis --
Misperception, Stress, and 'Motivated Biases' --
Social Psychology of Small Groups: Groupthink --
Personality Trait of Leaders: Over-Optimism --
Underlying Causes of War: The State Level of Analysis --
Domestic Economic Systems and War --
Domestic Political Institutions and Governmental Processes --
Nationalism and War --
Societal Gender Relations and International Conflict --
Underlying Causes of War: The International Level of Analysis --
Anarchy as a Permissive Condition for War --
Anarchy as a Propellant of International Conflict --
Internal Wars and their Causes --
Internal Wars and Their Impact on International Peace and Security --
Internal Wars: Types and Trends --
Causes of Internal Wars --
Revisiting the Enduring Question and Looking Ahead --
7.Pathways to Interstate Peace --
What factors make it more likely that states can resolve their differences and avoid war? --
The International Distribution of Power as a Condition for Peace --
Balance of Power --
Hegemony --
State Strategies for Achieving Interstate Peace --
Diplomacy --
Power Balancing --
International Law and Institutions as Mechanisms for Peace --
Three Experiences with International Law and Institutions: The League of Nations, the United Nations, and the European Union --
Transnational Mechanisms for Peace --
Economic Interdependence --
A Possible International Community of Democratic Nations --
Peace Movements and Global Civil Society --
Revisiting the Enduring Question and Looking Ahead --
8.Technology, the Use of Force, and Weapons of Mass Destruction --
How have weapons of mass destruction, and in particular nuclear weapons, changed the practice of international relations? --
Technology and the Historical Evolution of Warfare --
Nuclear Weapons and the Nuclear Revolution --
The Devastating Effects of Nuclear Weapons --
The Nuclear Revolution --
Nuclear Proliferation and Efforts to Halt it --
Obtaining Nuclear Capability: Difficult but Not Impossible --
Why do States Want Nuclear Weapons? --
How Dangerous Is Nuclear Proliferation? --
Efforts to Halt Proliferation: The Grand Bargain --
Chemical and Biological Weapons --
How They Work and Efforts to Control Them --
Comparing Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Weapons --
Weapons of Mass Destruction, Non-State Actors, and Terrorism --
New Technologies and New Challenges: Drones and Cyber-Warfare --
Drones --
The Emergence of Cyber-Warfare --
Revisiting the Enduring Question and Looking Ahead --
9.International Economics: Basic Theory and Core Institutions --
How does international politics shape the global economy? --
Basic Elements of International Trade Theory and Policy --
Building Blocks for Analysis: Consumption and Production --
Comparative Advantage --
The Gains from Trade --
Why Do Countries Protect Themselves from Trade? --
Basic Elements of International Money --
National Exchange-Rate Systems --
Multinational Enterprises and International Political Economy --
Definition and Characteristics of Multinational Enterprises --
Importance of MNEs to the World Economy --
Political Issues Surrounding MNEs --
The Institutions of the World Economy --
International Trade: From GATT to VVTO to the New Regionalism --
International Finance: Why Is the IMF so Controversial? --
Global Governance: From the G-7 and G-8 to the G-20 --
Revisiting the Enduring Question and Looking Ahead --
10.States and Markets in the World Economy --
How do governments manage international economic relations to further national political objectives? --
Two Great Eras of Economic Globalization --
States and Markets: Three Great Traditions of Thought --
Economic Liberalism --
Economic Nationalism --