Guide to US food laws and regulations / edited by Patricia A. Curtis

Includes index.

chapter 1 Introduction to Laws and Regulations
Patricia A. Curtis
Introduction
Sources of American Law
The Constitution
Statutory Law
Common Law
Equity
Public and Private Law
Private Law
Public Law
Legislative Branch
Judicial Branch
Federal Court System
The Supreme Court
Courts of Appeals
US District Courts
Special Courts
Executive Branch
Sources of Legislation
How a Bill Becomes a Law
Introduction
Considered in Committee
Reintroduction
Debate in Congress
Presidential Action
Enrollment
Where to Find Legal Information
Law-making Process
The Laws
Conventional Search Method
Example Search
How Regulations are Made
The Rule-making Process and Publication
Example
Code of Federal Regulations
Using the Code of Federal Regulations
Example
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 2 How Did We Get Where We Are Today?
Patricia A. Curtis, Emily L Steinberg,
Michelle A. Parisi, and Julie K. Northcutt
Introduction
Reasons for Food Laws
American Food Laws
The "Poison Squad"
The Jungle
The Need for a New Food and Drug Law
Elixir of Sulfanilamide: Raspberry Flavored Death
Food Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938
Silent Spring and the Environmental
Protection Agency
First Amendment to the Food, Drug and
Cosmetic Act
Public Health Service Act
Milestones in US Food and Drug History
(FDA 2010)
A Brief History of Agricultural-Related Agencies
USDA
State Departments of Agriculture
Environmental Protection Agency
Food and Drug Administration
Current Consumer and Regulatory Concerns
Summary of Major Food Laws
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
Federal Meat Inspection Act of 1906
Food Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938
Poultry Products Inspection Act of 1957
(as amended 1968)
Food Additive Amendment of 1958
Color Additive Amendment of I960
Fair Packaging and Labeling Act of 1966
Egg Products Inspection Act of 1970
Nutrition Labeling and Education Act
of 1990
Dietary Supplement Health and Education
Act of 1994
Saccharin Notice Repeal Act of 1996
Food Quality Protection Act of 1996
Food and Drug Administration Modernization
Act of 1997
Pediatric Rule (1999)
The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children
Act of 2002
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism
Preparedness and Response Act of 2002
Project BioShield Act of 2004
Food Allergy Labeling and Consumer Protection
Act of 2004
Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004
Minor Use and Minor Species Animal Health
Act of 2004
References
Further Reading
Chapter 3 Federal, State, and Local Laws
Patricia A. Curtis
Introduction
National versus State Government
National Government
State Government
The Civil War Amendments
Powers of the National Government and
State Governments
Food-related Laws and Regulations
Food Safety and Inspection Service
Food and Drug Administration
Shellfish Program
Milk Program
Retail Food Protection Program
Food Safety
Local Government
Tribal Governments
Summary
References
Chapter 4 Major Food Laws and Regulations
Julie K. Northcutt and Michelle A. Parisi
Introduction
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) and Federal Meat
Inspection Act (1906)
Amendments to the Federal Meat Inspection Act
(1906)
Poultry Products Inspection Act (PPIA)
of 1957
Wholesome Meat Act of 1967 and Wholesome
Poultry Product Act of 1968
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), 1938
Amendments to the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act,
1938
Miller Pesticide Amendment, 1954
Food Additive Amendment, 1958
Color Additive Amendment, I960
Dietary Supplement Health Education Act
(DSHEA) of 1994
Public Health Security and Bioterrorism
Preparedness Response Act of 2002
FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FFSMA) of
2011
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
(PPACA) of 2010
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5 US Federal Laws affecting Food Labeling
Michelle A. Parisi, Julie K. Northcutt, and
Emily L. Steinberg
Introduction
History of food labeling
Standards of identity
Overview of major food labeling laws
Construction of a food label
The principal display panel (PDP)
NLEA of 1990
The nutrition facts panel
Food labeling nutrient and health claims
The FDA Modernization Act of 1997
Labeling exemptions
Results of over 70 years of food
labeling regulation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 Environmental Regulations and the Food Industry
Theodore A. Feitshans
Introduction
Discharges to surface and ground tvaters
Solid waste
Hazardous waste
Use of water
Regulation of water sources
Discharges to air
Chemical use, storage, release, and transport
Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA)
Emergency Planning and Community
Right-to-Know Act
Siting and operation of facilities
Environmental risk management
References
Legal authorities
Chapter 7 OSHA Regulations and the Food Industry
Patricia A. Curtis
Introduction
Mission
OSHA statistics
Women of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Workplace fatalities
Retail trade sector
Food manufacturing
Food service
Government workers
Rights and responsibilities under OSHA law
Selected OSHA Standards and Guidelines
Hazard communications
Ergonomics
Emorcement
Inspections
Outreach, education, and compliance
assistance
Filing a complaint with OSHA
Complaint filing options
Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 8 Federal Trade Commission Regulations and
the Food Industry
Patricia A. Curtis
Introduction
Mission
Authorizing Acts
Bureau of Consumer Protection
The Division of Advertising Practices
The Division of Enforcement
Division of Consumer and Business Education
Division of Financial Services
Division of Marketing Practices
Division of Planning and Information
Division of Privacy and Identity Protection
Bureau of Competition
Bureau of Economics
Sample enforcement actions
References
Chapter 9 An Introduction to Kosher and Halal Food Laws
Joe M. Regenstein, Muhammad M. Chaudry,
and Carrie E. Regenstein
Introduction
The kosher and halal laws
The kosher and halal market
Kosher
The kosher dietary laws
Kosher: special foods
Passover
Kosher: other processing issues
Halal
Halal dietary laws
Halal cooking, food processing, and sanitation
Both kosher and halal
Science
Pet food
Health
Regulatory
Federal and State Regulations
Animal welfare
Acknowledgment
References
Further Reading
Additional Resources
Chapter 10 Bioteclmology and Genetically Modified
Agricultural Crops and Food
Emily L. Steinberg, Michelle A. Parisi, and
Julie K. Nortbcutt
Introduction
Biotechnology, genetically modified, and genetic
engineering
Regulation of GM foods in the United States
USDA
EPA
FDA
Biotechnology versus organic agriculture
Legal issues - NOP and biotechnology
Common examples of GM products
Flavr Savr Tomato™
Bt com
L-tryptophan
Biotechnology-related court cases
International Dairy Foods Assoc. v. Boggs
AUiance for Bio-Integrity v. Shalala
Monsanto v. Geertson Farms
Conclusion
References
chapter 11 Animal Welfare Regulations and Food Production
Kenneth E. Anderson
Introduction
Participants in the welfare debate
Impact on public perception
Economics
What needs to be done
References
Further Reading
Chapter 12 Egg Laws and Regulations
Patricia A. Curtis
Introduction
History
Federal Egg Laws
Egg Products Inspection Act (EPIA)
Federal-State Agreements
Egg Safety Final Rule Implementation
Compliance Dates
Salmonella Enteritidis
Required SE Prevention Measures
State Egg Laws
References
Additional Resources
Chapter 13 Regulations Governing Poultry Processing
Brooke Caudill
Introduction
Poultry Products Inspection Act (21 USC 451)
Poultry Products Inspection Regulations
(9 CFR 381)
Poultry Processing Operations
Ante-mortem
Slaughter
Feather Removal
Evisceration and Post-mortem Inspection
Reinspection
Finished Product Standards (TPS)
Facilities Required for Inspection
Chilling
Post-chill
Pathogen Reduction Standards
HACCP Systems (9 CFR 417)
New Inspection System Proposal
New Poultry Inspection System for Young
Chickens and Turkeys
Online Carcass Inspection
Offline Verification Inspection
Elimination of Finished Product Standards
Maximum Line Speeds
Proposed Changes Affecting All Poultry Slaughter
Estabfishments
Zero Tolerance for Visible Fecal Material Before
Chilling
Generic E. coli Testing and Salmonella
Performance Standards
HACCP
Proposed Changes Affecting Only Traditional
Inspection
Poultry Products Inspection Regulations
" - (9 CFR 381)
Definitions of Nonconformances
References
Chapter 14 What Are They Doing Up There? Contacting Your
Congressional (House) Member
Jessica Butler
Writing to your Congressman/Congresswoman
Calling your Congressman/Congresswoman
District office
DC office
Visiting your Congressman/Congresswoman
Jobs on the Hill (House of Representatives)
Intern
Staff Assistant (SA)
Legislative Correspondent (LC)
Communications Director (Comm's Director)
Legislative Assistant (LA)
Legislative Director (LD)
Chief of Staff (COS)
Fellowships
When traveling to Washington DC