Plant natural products: synthesis, biological functions and practical applications/ Herwig O. Gutzeit and Jutta Ludwig-Muller
Material type:
TextPublication details: Weinheim: Willey Blsckwell, 2014Description: xii, 422 p. : ill. ; 25 cmISBN: 9783527332304Subject(s): Plant products--Synthesis | Plant products--Synthesis DDC classification: 572.2 | Item type | Current library | Call number | Status | Date due | Barcode | Item holds |
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General Books
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Central Library, Sikkim University General Book Section | 572.2 GUT/P (Browse shelf(Opens below)) | Available | P40893 |
1. Biosynthesis and Chemical Properties of Natural Substances in Plants --
1.1. Selected Classes of Secondary Metabolites --
1.1.1. Occurrence and Compartmentation --
1.1.2. Biosynthesis --
1.1.2.1. Alkaloids --
1.1.2.2. Phenol Derivatives, Especially Flavonoids --
1.1.2.3. Betalains --
1.1.2.4. Cyanogenic Glycosides, Glucosinolates, and other Indole Derivatives --
1.1.2.5. Terpenes --
1.1.3. Transcriptional Control --
1.1.4. Transport of Secondary Metabolites --
1.2. Evolution of Natural Compounds in Plants --
1.2.1. Parallel Evolution of Similar Pathways --
1.2.2. Gene Duplication --
1.2.3. Gene Clusters --
1.2.4. Natural Variation --
1.2.5. Modulation of Different Molecules with Similar Functions --
1.2.6. Evolution by Stress Factors --
1.2.6.1. Abiotic Stress --
1.2.6.2. Biotic Factors --
1.3. Biotechnological Applications --
1.3.1. Identification and Quantification of Natural Plant Products --
1.3.2. Biological Activity. Note continued: 1.3.3. Biotechnological Production of Natural Compounds --
2. Function of Natural Substances in Plants --
2.1. Secondary Compounds in Primary Metabolism --
2.2. Development --
2.2.1. Vegetative Growth --
2.2.1.1. Structural Polymers --
2.2.1.2. Flavonoids and Auxin Transport --
2.2.1.3. Glucosinolates and the Biosynthesis of IAA --
2.2.1.4. Polar Growth --
2.2.1.5. Cytoskeleton and Cell Cycle --
2.2.1.6. Alkaloids and Growth --
2.2.1.7. Senescence --
2.2.2. Reproduction: Male Fertility --
2.2.3. Flower Biology Pollination --
2.2.3.1. Nutrients --
2.2.3.2. Aroma Volatiles --
2.2.3.3. Color --
2.2.4. Fruit and Seeds --
2.2.4.1. Fruit Development --
2.2.4.2. Seed Formation --
2.2.4.3. Seed Dispersal --
2.2.4.4. Seed Dormancy --
2.3. Abiotic Stress --
2.3.1. Antioxidative Properties in Plants --
2.3.2. Light and UV Irradiation --
2.3.3. High Temperatures --
2.3.4. Cold, Salt, and Drought Stress --
2.3.5. Nutrient Deficiency --
2.3.6. Environmental Pollution. Note continued: 2.3.6.1. Heavy Metal Stress --
2.3.6.2. Air Pollution --
2.4. Symbioses --
2.4.1. Rhizobia --
2.4.2. Mycorrhiza --
2.4.3. Endophytic Fungi --
2.4.4. Lichens --
2.5. Defense --
2.5.1. Pathogens --
2.5.1.1. Preformed Defense Response --
2.5.1.2. Induced-Defense Response --
2.5.1.3. Systemic Acquired Resistance --
2.5.2. Antimicrobial Potential in Plant Protection (Biofumigation) --
2.5.3. Invertebrate Herbivores --
2.5.3.1. Insects --
2.5.3.2. Phytopathogenic Fungi Alter the Chemical Defense of Plants Against Insects --
2.5.3.3. Biological Plant Protection Against Insects with Secondary Metabolites --
2.5.3.4. Nematodes --
2.5.3.5. Snails/Slugs --
2.5.4. Parasitic Plants --
2.6. Allelopathy --
3. Biological Effects on Microorganisms and Animals --
3.1. Coevolution --
3.1.1. Adaptation Mechanisms of Microbes and Herbivores --
3.1.1.1. Fungi --
3.1.1.2. Insects --
3.1.1.3. Vertebrates --
3.1.2. Attraction of Insects --
3.2. Effects on Vertebrates: An Overview. Note continued: 3.2.1. Structural and Functional Diversity of Natural Substances: Challenges and Promises --
3.2.2. Molecular Interactions with Cellular Components --
3.2.2.1. Protein Targets --
3.2.2.2. Interaction with Nucleic Acids --
3.2.2.3. Interaction with Lipids --
3.2.2.4. Interaction with Carbohydrates --
3.2.2.5. Metal Chelators --
3.2.3. Visualization of Natural Substances in Living Cells --
4. Metabolism and Toxicity of Natural Substances in Mammals --
4.1. Metabolism of Natural Substances in Mammals --
4.1.1. Principles of Pharmacokinetics --
4.1.1.1. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion --
4.1.2. Case Studies of Selected Natural Compounds --
4.1.2.1. Quercetin --
4.1.2.2. Catechins and Proanthocyanidins --
4.1.2.3. Resveratrol --
4.1.2.4. Morphine --
4.1.2.5. Nicotine --
4.1.3. Metabolic Bioactivation --
4.1.4. Effects on Enzymes Controlling Biotransformation and Bioavailability --
4.1.4.1. Medical Importance --
4.1.5. Genetic Polymorphisms. Note continued: 4.1.5.1. Genetic Polymorphisms of Key Metabolic Enzymes --
4.1.5.2. Caffeine --
4.1.5.3. Nicotine --
4.1.5.4. Codeine and Morphine --
4.1.5.5. Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine --
4.2. Toxicity --
4.2.1. Basic Toxicology --
4.2.1.1. Cytotoxicity --
4.2.2. Toxicity of Selected Natural Substances --
4.2.2.1. Animal Poisons --
4.2.2.2. Poisons in Plants, Fungi, and Bacteria --
4.2.2.3. Taxus Alkaloids --
4.2.2.4. Phallotoxins and Amatoxins --
4.2.2.5. Ricin --
4.2.2.6. Bacterial Toxins --
4.2.3. Strategies and Difficulties in Toxicological Evaluations --
4.2.3.1. Mutagenicity and Cancerogenicity --
4.2.3.2. Reprotoxicity and Developmental Toxicity --
4.2.3.3. Experimental Variables and Limitations of Test Systems --
5. Examples of Physiological Effects of Natural Substances Present in Food and in Medicinal Plants --
5.1. Are Antioxidants Good for Health? --
5.1.1. Generation and Homeostatic Control of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species. Note continued: 5.1.2. Function of ROS/RNS as Signaling Molecules for Cellular Functions --
5.1.3. Oxidative Stress in Human Diseases and in Aging --
5.1.4. Natural Substances Affecting Redox Homeostasis --
5.1.4.1. Reduction of ROS in a Redox Reaction --
5.1.4.2. Formation of Chelates with Metals --
5.1.4.3. Inhibition of Enzymes Involved in Stress Defense --
5.1.4.4. Initiation of an Adaptive Response --
5.1.5. Hormesis and the Benefits of Temporary Mild Oxidative Stress --
5.2. Endocrine Effects of Natural Substances --
5.2.1. Are Endocrine Disrupters a Threat to Animal and Human Health? --
5.2.2. How Do Phytoestrogens Interfere with the Endocrine System? --
5.2.2.1. The Estradiol Receptor is a Target of Natural Substances --
5.2.2.2. Natural Compounds Affecting Steroid Biosynthesis --
5.2.2.3. Other Activities of Phytoestrogens --
5.2.3. Evaluation of Risks and Benefits of Phytoestrogens to Treat Common Diseases --
5.2.3.1. Phytoestrogens and Reproductive Functions. Note continued: 5.2.3.2. Do Phytoestrogens Protect Against Breast Cancer? --
5.2.3.3. Hormone Replacement Therapy --
5.2.3.4. Other Physiological Effects of Phytoestrogens --
5.2.3.5. Phytoestrogens Illustrate the Experimental Challenge of a Mechanistic Analysis --
5.2.4. Transgeneration Effects --
5.2.5. Natural Substances Interfering with Nonsteroidal Signaling --
5.3. Interference with Neural Functions --
5.3.1. Basic Features of the Nervous System and Synaptic Transmission --
5.3.2. Bioactivity of Cannabinoids --
5.3.2.1. Effects of Phytocannabinoids on Neural Functions --
5.3.2.2. Medical Applications of Phytoestrogens --
5.3.3. Discovery and Bioactivity of Opioids --
5.3.4. Analgesic Properties of Opioids and Cannabinoids --
5.3.4.1. Analgesic Effects of Opioids --
5.3.4.2. Analgesic Activity of Cannabinoids --
5.3.5. The Hallucinogenic Drugs Psilocin, Psilocybin, and Mescaline --
5.3.6. Natural Substances Affecting Cholinergic Signaling --
5.3.6.1. The Cholinergic Synapse. Note continued: 5.3.6.2. Cholinergic Signaling is a Target for Natural Substances --
5.3.6.3. Inhibitors of AChE --
5.3.6.4. Medical Applications of AChE Inhibitors --
5.3.7. Sympathomimetic Substances --
6. Nature's Drugstore for a Healthy Life --
6.1. Biologically Active Food and Food Components --
6.1.1. The Quantity of Food Intake Affects Life Expectancy --
6.1.2. Resveratrol: Longevity and Health with Grapes? --
6.1.3. Food with Health-Promoting Bioactive Substances --
6.1.3.1. Grapes (Resveratrol) --
6.1.3.2. Broccoli (Sulforaphane) --
6.1.3.3. Hops (Xanthohumol) --
6.1.3.4. Green Tea (Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate) --
6.1.3.5. Garlic (Allicin) --
6.1.3.6. Other Polyphenol-Rich Foods --
6.1.3.7. Is There a General Mechanistic Principle for Health-Promoting Substances in Food? --
6.1.4. Functional Food: Does it Hold the Promise? --
6.2. Natural Compounds in Pharmacological Research --
6.2.1. Mining for Bioactive Compounds in Marine and Terrestrial Organisms. Note continued: 6.2.2. Medicinal Chemistry Inspired by Natural Products --
6.2.2.1. Lessons from Natural Substances About Relevant Targets --
6.2.2.2. Natural Chemical Scaffolds and their Pharmacological Optimization --
6.2.2.3. Systematic Computational Analysis of Natural Scaffolds and Peptide Motifs --
6.3. The Problem of Complexity: Analysis and Consequences --
6.3.1. Many Targets: A Problem? --
6.3.2. From Pharmacology to Polypharmacology --
6.3.3. Reverse Pharmacology Inspired by Traditional Medicine.
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