A theory of justice/ Rawls, John

Part One. Theory
CHAPTER I. JUSTICE AS FAIRNESS 3
1. The Role of Justice 3 2. The Subject of Justice 7 3. The Main Idea of the Theory of Justice 11 4. The Original Position and Justification 17
5. Classical Utilitarianism 22
6. Some Related Contrasts 27 7. Intuitionism 34 8. The Priority Problem 40 9. Some Remarks about Moral Theory 46
CHAPTER II. THE PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE 54
10. Institutions and Formal Justice 54 11. Two Principles of Justice 60 12. Interpretations of the Second Principle 65 13. Democratic Equality and the Difference Principle 75 14. Fair Equality of Opportunity and Pure Procedural Justice 83 15. Primary Social Goods as the Basis of Expectations 90 16. Relevant Social Positions 95 17. The Tendency to Equality 100 18. Principles for Individuals: The Principle of Fairness 108 19. Principles for Individuals: The Natural Duties 114
CHAPTER III. THE ORIGINAL POSITION 118
20. The Nature of the Argument for Conceptions of Justice 118 21. The Presentation of Alternatives 122 22. The Circumstances of Justice 126 23. llie Formal Constraints of the Concept of Right 130
24. The Veil of Ignorance 136 25. The Rationality of the Parties 142 26. The Reasoning Leading to the Two Principles of Justice 150 27. The Reasoning Leading to the Principle of Average Utility 161 28. Some Difficulties with the Average Principle 167 29. Some Main Grounds for the Two Principles of Justice 175 30. Classical Utilitarianism, Impartiality, and Benevolence 183
Part Two. Institutions
CHAPTER IV. EQUAL LIBERTY 195
31. The Four-Stage Sequence 195 32. The Concept of Liberty 201 33. Equal Liberty of Conscience 205
34. Toleration and the Common Interest 211
35. Toleration of the Intolerant 216
36. Political Justice and the Constitution 221 37. Limitations on the Principle of Participation 228
38. The Rule of Law 235 39. The Priority of Liberty Defined 243 40. The Kantian Interpretation of Justice as Fairness 251
/ CHAPTER V. DISTRIBUTIVE SHARES 258 41. The Concept of Justice in Political Economy 258 42. Some Remarks about Economic Systems 265 43. Background Institutions for Distributive Justice 274 44. The Problem of Justice between Generations 284
45. Time Preference 293 46. Further Cases of Priority 298 47. The Precepts of Justice 303 48. Legitimate Expectations and Moral Desert 310 49. Comparison with Mixed Conceptions 315 50. The Principle of Perfection 325
CHAPTER VI. DUTY AND OBLIGATION 333 51. The Arguments for the Principles of Natural Duty 333 52. The Arguments for the Principle of Fairness 342 53. The Duty To Comply with an Unjust Law 350 54.' The Status of Majority Rule 356 55. The Definition of Civil Disobedience 363 56. The Definition of Conscientious Refusal 368
57. The Justification of Civil Disobedience 371 58. The Justification of Conscientious Refusal 377 59. The Role of Civil Disobedience 382
Part Three. Ends
CHAPTER VII. GOODNESS AS RATIONALITY 395
60. The Need for a Theory of the Good 395 61. The Definition of Good for Simpler Cases 399 62. A Note on Meaning 404 63. The Definition of Good for Plans of Life 407 64. Deliberative Rationality 416 65. The Aristotelian Principle 424 66. The Definition of Good Applied to Persons 433 67. Self-Respect, Excellences, and Shame 440 68. Several Contrasts between the Right and the Good 446
CHAPTER VIII. THE SENSE OF JUSTICE 453 69. The Concept of a Well-Ordered Society 453 70. The Morality of Authority 462 71. The Morality of Association 467 72. The Morality of Principles 472 73/ Features of the Moral Sentiments 479 74. The Connection between Moral and Natural Attitudes 485 75. The Principles of Moral Psychology 490 76. The Problem of Relative Stability 496 77. The Basis of Equality 504
CHAPTER IX. THE GOOD OF JUSTICE 513
78. Autonomy and Objectivity 513
79. The Idea of Social Union 520 80. The Problem of Envy 530 81. Envy and Equality 534 82. The Grounds for the Priority of Liberty 541 83. Happiness and Dominant Ends 548
84. Hedonism as a Method of Choice 554 85. Tlie Unity of the Self 560
86. The Good of the Sense of Justice 567 87. Concluding Remarks on Justification 577