Modern methods in plant pysiology/ Girish Chand Srivastava

Chapter 1: Plant Pigments 1
1. Chlorophylls 1
2. Carotenoids 3
3. Lycopene 9
4. Anthocyanin 11
Chapter 2: Biomass 14
Measurement of Below Ground Biomass 16
1. Extraction of Root 16
2. Washing 17
3. Removal of Dead Material 18
4. Measurement of Dry Weight 18
Chapter 3: Growth Analysis 19
1. Growth 19
2. Growth Curve 20
3. Growth Analysis 20
4. Relative Growth Rate (RGR) 20
5. Net Assimilation Rate (NAR) 21
6. Leaf Area Ratio (LAR) 22
7. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) 22
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8. Specific Leaf Weight (SLW) 22
9. Leaf Area Index (LAI) 23
10. Crop Growth Rate (CGR) 23
11. Leaf Area Duration (D) 23
12. Harvest Index (HI) 23
Chapter 4: Water Relations 25
1. Relative Water Content 25
2. Leaf Water Potential 26
3. Membrane Injury Index 33
Chapter 5: Carbohydrate Metabolism 36
1. Reducing and Non-Reducing Sugars 37
2. Estimation of Total Sugars 40
3. Estimation of Total Carbohydrate 40
4. Estimation of Starch 42
5. Estimation of Sucrose Phosphate
Synthase (SPS) 43
6. Estimation of Starch Synthase 45
7. Estimation of Invertases 47
Chapter 6: Nitrogen and Amino Acid
Metabolism 50
1. Total Nitrogen 51
2. Total Free Amino Acids 53
3. Proline 55
4. Nitrate Reductase (NR) 58
5. Nitrite Reductase 61
6. Glutamic Acid Dehydrogenase (GDH) 63
7. Glutamate Synthase (GOGAT) 64
8. Glutamine Synthetase (GS) 66
9. Glutamate Oxaloacetate Aminotransferase 68
10. Glutamate Decarboxylase 70
11. Nitrogenase 73
12. Leghaemoglobin (Lb) 78
Chapter 7: Protein and Protein
Contents/ix
Fractionation 83
1. Protein Estimation 83
2. Protein Fractionation 86
3. Slab Gel Electrophoresis of Proteins 88
4. Western Blot Analysis of Plant Proteins 95
Chapter 8: Isolation and Estimation of
Nucleic Acids 100
1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) 100
2. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) 104
Chapter 9: Lipid and Lipid Metabolism 108
1. Estimation of Total Oil Content 109
2. Estimation of Fatty Acids 110
3. Estimation of Upases Ill
Chapter 10; Photosynthesis 114
1. Measurement of Photosynthesis Rate 114
2. Rubisco Enzyme Activity 125
3. Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase 128
4. Measurement of Partial Light Reactions 130
Chapter 11: Respiration 142
1. Infra-Red Gas Analyzer 143
2. Oxygen Electrode 143
3. Respirometer 143
Chapter 12: The Antioxidative Enzymes 148
1. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) 149
2. Ascorbate Peroxidase (APOX) 151
3. Glutathione Reductase (GR) 152
4. Catalase (CAT) 153
5. Free Radicals 154
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Chapter 13: Ripening-Associated
Enzymes 158
1. Pectin Methyl Esterase (PME) 159
2. Polygalacturonase (PG) 160
3. Malic Enzyme 160
Chapter 14: Plant Growth Regulators 163
1. Estimation of Abscisic Acid (ABA) 165
2. Estimation of Gibberellins 167
3. Estimation of Ethylene 169
4. Estimation of Indole Acetic Acid (lAA) 171
Chapter 15: Ascorbic Acid 174
1. Titration Method 174
2. Colorimetric Method 176
Chapter 16: Phenols 178
1. Estimation of Phenols 179
Chapter 17: Macro and Micro Elements 181
1. Flame Photometer 182
2. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer 186
Chapter 18: Isolation of Cell Organelles 191
1. Mitochondria 191
2. Chloroplasts "^93
Chapter 19: Common Buffers 198
1. Acetate Buffer 198
2. Borax-NaOH Buffer 199
3. Boric Acid-Borax Buffer 200
4. Carbonate-Bicarbonate Buffer 200
5. Citrate Buffer 201
6. Citrate-Phosphate Buffer 202
7. Glycine-HCL Buffer 202
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8. Glycine-NaOH Buffer 203
9. Hydrochloric Acid-Potassium Chloride Buffer 203
10. Maleate Buffer 204
11. Phosphate Buffer 204
12. Succinate Buffer 205
13.TRIS-HCI Buffer 205
14. TRIS-Maleate Buffer 206
Appendix 207
Table 1: The International system of units 207
Table 2: Conversion units of wavelength 207
Table 3: Conversion units of temperature 208
Table 4: Visible spectrum with the wavelength range
(nm) 208
Tables: Visible spectrum and associated energy (in
kilojoules) 208
Table 6: Some important terms related to radiometric and
photometric radiant energy 209
Table?: Cellular organelles in a typical plant cell 209
Table 8: Distribution of stomata and their pore size in the
leaves of some common plants 210
Table 9: Mineral elements classified on the basis of their
mobility within a plant and their tendency to
retranslocate during deficiencies 210
Table 10: General symptoms in plants associated with
some of the major elements when deficient.... 211
Table 11: Amino acid composition of some seed proteins
expressed as grams of amino acid per 100 g of
nitrogen: cow's milk is presented as a
comparison 211
Table 12: Per cent by weight of atmospheric gases in dry
air at sea level 212
Table 13: The water potential of sucrose solutions at 2°C
in bars 212
Table 14: Climacteric and non-climacteric fruits 213
Subject Index 215