A color handbook of biological control in plant protection/ Neil Helye

Preface
Acknowledgements
I Sectk
Section 1: Crop environments
Introduction
Arable crops
Fruit production
Protected crop systems
Practical tips for gardeners
Section 2: Pest profiles
Introduction 22
Pest identification guide with some examples
of beneficial species 22
Common pest species 28
Beetles 28
Weevils 29
Leaf miners 30
Sciarids 31
Whitefly 32
Aphids 33
Leaflioppers 34
Psyllids 34
Mealybugs 35
Scale insects 36
Caterpillars (moths and butterflies) 36
Thrips ^ 38
Spider mites 38
Slugs and snails 40
•Woodlice 40
^ t i IV-.'UT "VilkUK^ICSIi
Section 3: Beneficial arthropod profiles 43|J
vziasu
Coleoptera - Ladybird beetles 44
Introduction 44
Adalia bipimctata (Linnaeus) (2-spot ladybird) 45
Chilocorus bipustulatus (Linnaeus) ' 46
12
16
19
Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus)
(7-spot ladybird) 46
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) 48
Delphastus catalinae (Horn) 48
Hannonia conglobata (Linnaeus) 49
Hippodamia convergens (Guerin-Meneville) 50
Propylea 14-punctata (Linnaeus) (14-spot ladybird) 50
Scymnus Subvillostis (Goeze) 51
Stethorus ptinctilluni (Weise) 52
Carabidae - Ground beetles 52
Introduction 52
Agonum dorsale (Pontoppidan) 54
Bembidion lampros (Latreille) 54
Carabus violaceus 55
Demetrias atricapillus (Linnaeus) 55
Harpalus rufipes (De Geer) 56
Loricera pilicornis (Fabricius) -.56
Nebria b7-evicollis (Fzhncins) 57
Notiophilus biguttatus (Fabricius) 58
Poecihis cupreus {lAnTizzMs) 58
Pterostichus melanarms (Illiger) 59
Trechis quadristriatus (Schrank) 59
Staphylinidae - Rove beetles 60
Introduction 60
Aleocharinae 60
Atheta coriaria (Kraatz) 61
Philonthus cognatus (Stephens) 61
Tachyporus sp'p. 62
Xantholinus spp. 62
Cicindelidae — Tiger beetles 62
Cicindela campestris (Linnaeus) (field tiger beetle) 62
Dermaptera - Earwigs 64
Forficula-auricularia (Linnaeus) 64
Diptera - Dance flies 65
Introduction 65
Empis tessellata (Fabricius) and Empis stercorea 65
Cecidomyiidae - Predatory midges 66
Introduction 66
Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) * 66
Feltiella acarisuga (Vallot) 67
Syrphidae - Hoverflies 68
Introduction 68
Episyrphtts balteatus (Degeer) 69
Scaeva pyrastri (Linnaeus) 70
Syrphus ribesii (Linnaeus) 70
Heteroptera - Predatory bugs 71
Introduction 71
Anthocoris Jienwralis (Fabricius) 72
Anthocoris neniorum (Linnaeus) 72
Atractotomiis mali (Mcyer-Duer) 73
Blepharidopterns an^tilatiis (Fallen) 73
Deraeocoris rtiber (Linnaeus) 74
Hetcrotowa planicornis (Pallas) 74
Mficrolophus calijyinosjis (Wagner) 75
Oi'ius laevipyatiis (Linnaeus) 76
Orhis majuscidus (Renter) 76
Filophonis perplexus (Douglas and Scott) 77
Podisus maculivcntris (Say) 78
Hymenoptera - Parasitoid wasps 79
Introduction 79
Anagnts atomiis 80
Aphclinus abdominalis (Dalman) 81
Aphidius colemani (Vierek) 82
Aphidius ervi (Haliday) 82
Cotesia (=Apanteles)^lornerata {\AnnviZus) 83
Daciiiisa sibirica (Telenger) 84
Diade^ma insularc (Cresson) 84
Diaeretiella rapac (Mclntosh) 85
Di^lyphits isaea (Walker) 86
Encarsia formosa (Gahan) 87
Eretmoceriis eremiciis {Kosq, and Zolnerowich) 88
Leptomastix dactylopii (Walker) and
Leptomastix epona (Walker) 89
Metaphycns belvoltis (Compere) 90
Praon myzipha^um (Mackauer) and
Praon volucre (Haliday) 90
Trichqgvanima spp. 91
Neuroptera - Predatory lacewings 92
Introduction ' 92
Chrysopa perla (Linnaeus) 92
Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) 93
Arachnidae - Spiders, harvestmen
AND PREDATORY MITES 94
Introduction 94
Araneidae 95
Linyphiidae 96
Lycosidae (wolf spiders) - 96
Salticidae 97
Thomisidae 98
Opiliones - Harvestmen 98
Phalan^ium opilio (Linnaeus) 98
Acari - PREDATORY MITES
Introduction
Allothrombidium spp.
Amblyseius (Ncoscinlus) califoniicus (McGregor)
Amblysc'uts (Neosdnlns) (Oudemans)
Amblyseius (Iphiscins) depjcncraus (Bcrhse)
Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) iuontdorcnsis (Schicha!
Hyponspis miles {Bcr\csc) and Hyponspis aculeifer
(Canestrini)
Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot)
Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten)
Chilopoda - Centipedes
Lithobius forficatus (Linnaeus) and
Hnplophilus subtcrrnneus (Shaw)
Section 4: Entomopathogens
Introduction 108
Nematodes 108
Introduction 108
Heterorhabditis megadis (Poinar, Jackson and
Klein), Steinernema feltiac (Filipjev) and
StcincTncnia kraussei (Steincr) 109
Plmsmarbabditis hermapbrodita (Schneider) 110
Bacteria 111
Bacillus tburingiensis (Berliner) 111
Fungi 112
Introduction 112
Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo and Vuillemin) 112
Conidiobolus spp. 113
Paudora (=Erynia) neoaphidis (Kcmr^wAicre,
Hcnncbert and Humber) 114
Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman and Viegas) 114
Baculoviruses 116
References 117
Further READING 118