The Psychology of Religion and Coping/ theory, research, practice Pargament, Kenneth I.

1. An Introduction to tlie Psycliology of Religion and
Coping
why Study Religion and Coping?,
why a Psychology of Religion and Coping?,
Bridging Worldviews and Practices, 0; Bridging Methods of
Knowing the World, Q
what the Psychology of Religion and Coping Cannot
offer,
A Complete Accounting of Religious Life, ; An UnbfaseJ
Portrayal,
Conclusions and Plan of the Booh,
Part One. A PERSPECTIVE ON RELIGION
2. The Sacred and the Search for Significance
Entering the Religious Labyrinth,
The Many Meanings of Religion,
Toward a Definition of Religion,
The Substantive Tradition:
The Sacred as the Mark ofReligion,
The Functional Tradition
The Struggle with ultimate Issues as the Mark of Religion, ; Bridging the
Substantive and Functional Traditions: The Sacred an d the
Search for Significance as the Mark of Religion,
A Definition of Religion,
3. Religious Pathways and Religious Destinations
Religious Means: Pathways to Significance,
Ways of Feeling, Thinking, Acting, and Relating,
ManyShapes, Many Sizes, 3Q; Pathways as Functional
Mechanisms, Some Final Thoughts ahout Religious
Pathways,
Religious Ends: Destinations of Significance,
The place of the Human, The Place of the Spiritual,
TheVariety of Personal and Social Ends of Religion,
Some Final Thoughts ahout Religious Destinations,
Religious Orientations to tke Means and Ends of
Significance,
The Polarization of the Means an d Ends of R eligion,
A Means-an d-Ends Analysis of Intrinsic, Extrinsic, and Quest
Orientations
Implications of a Means-and-Ends Approach,
; Religious Disorientation,
Beyond Religious Orientations,
Part Two. A PERSPECTIVE ON COPING
4. An Introduction to tke Concept of Coping
Tke Historical Context of Coping,
External Historical Forces,
; Internal Historical Forces,
First Steps in tke Study of Coping,
Tke Central Qualities of Coping,
Coping as an Encounter between Person and Situation,
Coping as Multidimensional,
; Coping as a Multilayered
Contextual Phenomenon,
Coping as Possibilities and Choices, ;
Diversity as a Hallmark of Coping,
Conclusions,
5. Tke Flow of Coping
Assumption I. People Seek Significance,
The Sense of Significance,
The Objects of Significance,
; The Motivation to Attain Significance,
Assumption II. Events are Constructed in Terms tof
Tkeir Significance to People,
Primary Appraisals, ; Secondary Appraisals, ;
The Power of Appraisals,
Assumption III. People Bring an Orienting System to tke
Coping Process,
The Resources of Coping,
; The Burdens of Coping,
The Bank Account of Resources and Burdens,
Assumption IV: People Translate tke Orienting System
into Specific Metkods of Coping,
Assumption V: People Seek Significance in Coping
Tkrougk tke Meckanisms of Conservation and
Transformation,
Tke Conservation of Significance,
Tke Transformation of
Significance, ICQ; Conservation and Transformation of Means
and Ends in Coping
Assumption VI: People Cope in Ways tkat are
Compelling to Tkem,
Assumption VII: Coping is Emkedded in Culture,
Assumption VIII: Tke Keys to Good Coping Lie in tke
Outcomes and tke Process,
Tke Outcomes Approack, HQ; Tke Process Approack,
Conclusions,
Part Three. THE RELIGION AND COPING CONNECTION
6. Wken People Turn to Religion; Wken Tkey Turn
Away
Are Tkere Really No Atkeists in Foxkoles?,
Some Anecdotal Accounts, 132; Some Contrasting Anecdotal
Accounts, 134; Empirical Perspectives,
; Conclusions,wken Religion and Coping Converge,
Wky Religion and Coping Converge,
Tke Availahility of Religion in tke Orienting System, ;
TheCompelling Ckaracter of Religious Coping Metkods, ;
The Relationskip between tke Availability of Religion and tke
Compelling Ckaracter of Religious Coping Metkods,
why Religion and Coping Diverge,
Leaving tke Convent,
; Wkere is God in Hell?,
Tke Making of Atkeists
Conclusions,
7. Tke Many Faces of Religion in Coping
From Heaven to Eartk,
Beyond Stereotypes,
Merely Tension Reduction? The Many Ends of Religious
Coping, 168; Merely Denial? Tke Many Religious
Constructions of tke Situation,
Merely Avoidance? Tke Many Metkods of Religious Coping, Measuring tke Many Faces of Religious Coping,
Skaping tke Expression of Religious Coping,
Situational Forces and tke Shape of Religious Coping, ;
Cultural Forces and tke Shape of Religious Coping, ;
InJwiJual Forces anJ the Shape of Religious Coping: The
Orienting System,
Conclusions,
8. Religion and tke Meclianisms of Coping:
Tke Conservation of Significance
Relig ion and tlie Conservation of Significance,
Holding Fast: Relig ion and tke Preservation of
Significance,
Marking Boundaries, ; Religious Perseverance
Religious Support,
Another Way to an Old Destination: Religion and tke
Reconstruction of tke Patk to Significance,
Religious Switching,
; Religious Purification,
Religious Reframing,
Conclusions,
9- Religion and tke Mechanisms of Coping:
The Transformation of Significance
change of Heart: Religion and tke Re-\'aluation of
Significance,
Seeking Religious Purpose,
; Rites of Passage,
Radical Change: Religion and tke Re-Creation of
Significance,
Religious Conversion: From Self to Sacred Concern,
Religious Forgiving: From Anger to Peace,
Conclusions,
Part Four. EVALUATIVE AND PRACTICAL
IMPLICATIONS
10. Does it Work? Religion and tke Outcomes of Coping
Self-E valuations of tke Eff icacy of Religious Coping,
Religious Orientations and tke Outcomes of Negative
Life Events,
Relig ious Coping and tke Outcomes of Negative Life
Events,
what Types of Religious Coping are Helpful? Wkat
Types are Harmful?,
Flelpful Forms of Religious Coping,
Harmful Forms of
Religious Coping,
; Forms of Religious Coping with Mixed
Implications,
Patterns of Positive and Negative Religious
Coping,
Is Relig ion More Helpful to Some People tkan Otkers in
Times of Stress?,
Is Religion More Helpful in Some Situations tkan
Otkers?,
Evidence for the Religious Stress Moderator Model,

Evidence for the Religious Stress Deterrent Model and the
Combined Model,
How Helpful is Religious Coping in
Comparison to Other Forms of Coping?,
Conclusions,
11. wk en Religion Fails: Proklems of Integration in tke
Process of Coping
Tke Wrong Direction: Proklems o f Ends,
Religious One-Sidedness,
Religious Deception,
Tke Wrong Road: Prokl ems of Means,
Errors of Religious Explanation,
; Errors of Religious
Control
; Errors of Religious Moderation
Against tke Wind: Proklems of Fit,
A Time and Place for Not Fitting,
No Single Best Way to Cope,
Accounting for tke Failures of Religion in Coping,
Undifferentiated Religion,
Fragmented Religion,
Religious Rigidity,
Insecure Religious Attachment,
Conclusions,
12. Putting Religion into Practice
Attending to tke Helper's Orientation to Religion,
Religious Rejectionism,
Religious Exclusivism,
Religious Constructivism,
Religious Pluralism,
Assessing Religion in tke Coping Process
The Standard for Comparison,
The Starting Point,
Assessing Religion in Context,
Applications of Religious Coping to Counseling,
Preservation
; Reconstruction,
Re-Valuation,
Re-Creation,
; The Efficacy of R eligious Counseling,
Tke Broader Practical Implications of Religion and
Coping,
Expanding the Pool of Helpers,
; Expanding the Targets of
Help, 3Q4; Expanding the Time to Help, 3Q6
Bridging tke Worlds of Psyckology and Religion Tkrougk
Resource Collakoration, 400