Foundation of computer system: a treatise on DOEACC O level course/ Prabir Chakravarty.

Including index.

Contents -- Module -- Fundamental of Computer systems -- Concept of Computerized information -- Data and Information -- Logical Instruction -- information -- Data -- Data Processing -- Tecliniques of Processing -- Processing Methods -- Word Processing -- Graphical Images -- Office Automation -- 1-2 The Basic Computer System -- The Computer -- The Components -- Characteristics of Computers -- Hardware --- Software -- Computer Languages -- Categories of Software -- System Software -- Application Software -- Classification of Computers -- Mainframe Computer -- Minicomputer -- Microcomputer -- Supercomputer -- Limitation of Computers -- 1-3 The Hardware System -- Central Processing Unit -- The Segment Address -- Memory Map -- The Main Memory -- ROM BIOS of I PCs -- The interrupt -- Multi process System -- Input Device -- Source Capture -- Output Devices -- Video Display -- Printers -- Buffer: Spooler -- Micro Films -- Secondary Storage -- Magnetic Tape System -- Tape Utilization -- Magnetic Disk System -- Optical Disk -- 1-4 Computer Systems & India -- Generation of Computers -- Class of Computers -- The PC to Super -- The Indian Computing Scene -- 1-5 Computer Arithmetic & Number System -- Binary Number System -- Decimal Binary Conversion -- Bmary Arithmetic -- Hexadecimal Number System -- Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion -- Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion -- Hexadecimal Aritlunetic -- Octal Number System -- Octal to Decimal and Back -- Equivalent Digits of Number System -- Binary Coded Decimal [BCD] -- The 8-4-2-1 Code -- Excess 3 Code -- Gray Code -- BCD Addition -- Character Codes -- EBCDIC -- ASCII -- Numeric Character Code -- PC - ASCII -- Floating Point Number -- Trutli Table -- 1-6 Computers and Communication -- Digital vs Analog Transmission -- Communication Chaimels -- Twisted-pair Wire -- Co-axial Cable -- Microwave -- Radio wave -- Optical Fiber -- Bandwidth -- Serial vs Parallel Transmission -- Modulation -- Transmission Medium -- Circuit Elements -- Communication System -- Computer Network -- Multiplexing -- Polling -- Communication Protocol -- Network Protocol -- Physical Layer -- Data Link Layer -- Network Layer -- Transport Layer -- Session Layer -- Presentation Layer -- Application Layer -- Local Area Network [LAN] -- NetworkTopology -- Bius or Linear Network -- Ring Network -- Star Network -- Access Control -- Ethernet System -- Token Ring Bus -- Token Ring System -- EPABX Network -- ARCnet -- Wide Area Network [WAN] -- Repeater -- Bridge -- Gateway -- Router -- Indian WANs -- Distributed Data Processing -- Real Time System -- Videotex

MODULE 2: PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS & SYSTEMS -- 2-1 Program Development -- The Basic Steps -- Problem Identification -- Task Analysis -- Pte-program Sequencing -- Prdgram Coding -- Testing & Implementation -- Decision Table / Tree -- Algorithm -- 2-2 Programming Languages -- Machine Language -- Assembly Language -- High Level Language -- Translators -- The SGLs -- The GLS -- Database Engine -- Front-end Processor -- 2-3 Programming Aids & Methods -- Program Flow Chart [PFC] -- Rowcharting Rules -- Advantages & Limitations -- Psetido- or Meta- Code -- Programming Tecliniquc -- Modular Programming -- Structural Programmer -- Program Control -- Programming Tools -- Text Editor, Assembler -- Interpreter -- Compiler, Linker, Comparator -- Program Testing -- Unit, Integrated, Function -- Program Maintenance -- 2-4 The Operating System -- The Boot Strap -- The Operating System -- Job Control Language JCLJ -- Input/Output Routine -- Input/Output Control System: IOCS -- Link Editor -- Memory Management -- The Kernel -- Functions of die O/S -- I/O Management -- Memory Management -- File Management -- Job Control -- Bufiering -- Spooling -- A Basket of Operating System -- Charactcrisdcs of O/S -- Multiprogramming O/S -- 2-5 System Utilities -- The Development Tools -- Networking Facility -- The Utilities -- Types of Compilers -- Algorithms -- 2-6 Word Processing -- The Editor -- Desk Top Publishing :DTP -- Word Processing -- The Word Processing Package -- The Edit Mode -- Cursor Movement -- Scrolling -- Erasing -- The Block Menu -- Tlie Quick Menu -- Cursor Movement -- Search and Find -- The Onscreen Format Menu -- The Print Control Menu -- The Dot Commands -- Merge Printing [Mail Merging] -- 2-7 Data Analysis Using Spreadsheet -- Structure of Spreadsheet -- The Operating Modes -- Entering Data -- Entering Formulas -- Entering Functions -- Range Selection -- The Commands -- Main Executable Commands -- Quit, System, Copy --- Move -- Cell Formatting -- Tlie Date Function -- Alignment and Width -- An Exercise -- The WS As Displayed -- Title and Window -- Protection -- Hiding Cells and Columns -- Inscrtion-Dclction-Erasing -- Manual Operation -- Default Status -- Page Break -- Zero Suppression -- Naming a Range -- Justification -- Transposing -- Worksheet Commands -- Range Commands -- File Operations -- File Commands -- Data Management -- Data Commands -- Graphical Representation -- Graphical Commands -- Printer Control -- Print Commands -- Mathematical Functions -- Financial Fictions -- Logical Functions -- Special Functions -- Statistical Functions -- Precedence Hierarchy -- Macros -- 2-8 Data Base Management System -- Data Input -- Data Manipulation -- Classifying. Sorting -- Calculating, Collating -- Merging, Searching -- Summarizing -- Data Output -- Displaying, Storing -- Retrieving, Communicating -- Data Organization -- Data Files -- Processing Mode -- Batch or Sequential -- Interactive Preceding -- Real Time Processing -- On-Linc Transaction Processing -- In-line or Random Processing -- The Data Base -- Schema -- Database System -- Database Structure -- Hierarchical -- Network -- Relational -- Database Query -- Database Administration: DBA -- 2-9 A Data Base Package -- The Data Structure -- Data File Creation -- Sample Data File -- Entering Data -- Displaying Data -- Modifying Data -- Date Operation -- String Numerical Conversion -- Sorting and Indexing -- Memory Variables -- Modifying Structure -- Mathematical Fictions -- String Functions -- Environment Functions -- Trimming Functions -- Multiple Data Files -- Set Commands -- File Functions -- Program Control -- Other Commands -- FOR - WHILE Difference -- Creating Report -- Creating Label

Module 3: SYSTEM DESIGN AND APPLICATION -- 3-1 Computing^s in Business organization -- Business Information -- Information for Improved Performance -- Information—A New Resource -- 3-2 Business Problems and Computers -- When to Computerize -- Technological Factor -- Market Economy -- Government Legislation -- Need to Streamline -- Working Pressure -- Security Aspects -- Identifying Problem Area -- Defining the Problem -- Collection of Data/Information -- Nature of Data -- Historical, Statutory -- Organizational, Financial & Cost -- Policy, Personnel -- Equipment Data -- Techniques of Collection -- Sampling of Existing Documents -- Research & Site Visits -- Observation -- Forms & Questionnaire -- Interview & Group Discussion -- Manuals & Procedures -- Background Analysis -- 3-3 System Development and Analysis -- The Life Cycle -- System Analysis -- System Design -- System implementation -- System Support -- Initialization of System Study -- Basic Principles of System Study -- System Analysis -- Survey -- Study -- Definition -- Selection -- System Development Constraints -- Administrative Problem -- Technological Problem -- Communication Problem -- Inexperienced Personnel -- Inadequate User Involvement -- Inadequate Quality Control -- Unsystematic Approach -- Documentation -- Approving Alternatives -- Organizational Solution -- People -- Solution -- Hardware Solution -- Software Solution -- Procedural Solution -- Form Solution -- Combined Solution -- Evaluation of Alternatives -- Technical Feasibility -- Operational Feasibility -- Economic Feasibility -- 3-4 System Development & Implementation -- llie Design Process -- The System Tools -- Decision Table -- Decision Tree -- Structured English -- Data Flow Diagram: DFD -- Data Dictionary -- Data Structure Diagram -- Structure Chart -- System Chart -- CASE Tools -- Walk through -- System Development Technique -- The Classical Approach -- Structured Approach -- Structured Analysis -- Structured Design -- Structured Programing -- Prototyping -- Analyst Programmer 'interface -- Program Specification -- Input Prejudiced -- Processing Procedure -- Output Procedure -- Testing Requirement -- Error Control -- Audit & Access Control -- System Backup -- System Design -- System Implementation -- User Training -- Performance Review -- 3-5 Hardware Configuration -- Capacity determination -- Software -- Vendor Selection -- Evaluation of Bids -- Financial Factors -- 3-6 Acquisition & Structure of Data -- Entity and Attributes -- Physical Structure -- Data Collection -- Points of Entry -- Mode of Entry -- Entry Terminals -- Data Validation -- Data Structure -- Arrays -- Records, Sets, Lists -- Chain, Ring, Tree -- Stack, Queue -- Inverted List -- Attribute Value Table -- 3-7 Data Processing Methods & Systems -- Application -- Batch Processing -- On-line Processing -- Data Logging -- Real Time Processing -- Distributed Data Processing -- 3-8 The File System -- Re Processing -- Sorting, Matching, Merging -- Summarizing, Searching -- Updating, Indexing -- Activeness of Files -- Processing Modes -- Reconstruction -- Overlay -- Hie Organization -- Sequential Hie -- Random Access or Direct Hie -- Indexed Sequential File -- Serial Hie -- 3-9 System Security -- Elsies of Security -- Risk Analysis -- System Audit -- Audit Trail -- Physical Security -- 3-10 Application of Computers -- Case Study -- Share Issue -- Time Table -- Liberality

Module 4: BASIC PROGRAMMING -- 4-1 The Basics of BASIC -- The Structure -- Character Set -- Constants -- Variables -- Arithmetical Operation -- Data Input -- Out Information -- TAB Function -- Set of Examples -- Commands -- RUN, SAVE -- LOAD, LIST, NEW -- Program Editor -- EDIT -- DELETE, AUTO, RENUM -- 4-2 The Program Control -- Unconditional Branching -- Relational Operators -- Conditional Branching -- Conditional Looping -- Multiple Branching -- Subroutines -- Arrays -- Library Functions -- Sorting & Searching -- Ending Execution -- 4-3 File Handling in BASIC -- Sequential File -- Random File -- Arrays and Rles -- APPENDIX A: MS DOS COMMANDS -- INDEX1-1 Concept of Computerized information -- Data and Information -- Logical Instruction -- Informational -- Data -- Data Processing -- Techniques of Processing -- Processing Methods -- Word Processing -- Graphical Images -- Office Automation -- 1-2 The Basic Computer System -- The Computer -- The Components -- Characteristics of Computers -- Hardware -- Software -- Computer Languages -- Categories of Software -- System Software -- Application Software -- Classification of Computers -- Mainframe Computer -- Minicomputer -- Microcomputer -- Supercomputer -- Limitation of Computers -- 1-3 The Hardware System -- Central Processing Unit -- The Segment Address -- Memory Map -- The Main Memory -- ROM BlOS PCs -- The litigant|ils -- Multiprocessor System -- Input Device -- Source Capture -- Output Devices -- Video Display -- Printers -- Buffer Spooler -- Micro Films -- Secondary Storage -- Magnetic Tape System -- Tape Utilization -- Magnetic Disk System -- Optical Disk -- 1-4 Computer Systems & India -- Generation of Computers -- Class of Computers -- The PC to Super -- The Indian Computing Scene -- 1-5 Computer Arithmetic & Number System -- Binary Number System -- Decimal Binary Conversion -- Binary Arithmetic -- Hexadecimal Number System -- Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversion -- Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion -- Hexadecimal Arithmetical -- Octal Number System -- Octal to Decimal and Back -- Equivalent Digits of Number System -- Binary Coded Decimal [BCD] -- The 8-4-2-1 Code -- Excess 3 Code -- Gray Code -- BCD Addition -- Character Codes -- EBCDIC -- ASCII-8 -- Numeric Character Code -- PC - ASCII -- Floating Point Number -- Truthful Table -- 1-6 Computers and Communication Digital vs Analog Transmission -- Communication Chancels -- Twisted-pair Wire -- Co-axial Cable -- Microwave -- Radio wave -- Optical -- Fibre -- Bandwidth -- Serial vs Parallel Transmission -- Modulation -- Transmission Medium -- Circuit Elements -- Communication System -- Computer Network -- Multiplexing -- Polling -- Communication Protocol -- Network Protocol -- Physical Layer -- Data Link Layer -- Network Layer -- Transport Layer -- Session Layer -- Presentation Layer -- Application Layer -- Local Area Network [LAN] -- NetworkTopology -- Bius or Linear Network -- Ring Network -- Star Network -- Access Control -- Ethernet System -- Token Ring Bus -- Token Ring System -- EPABX Network -- ARCnet -- Wide Area Network [WAN] -- Repeater -- Bridge -- Gateway -- Router -- Indian WANs -- Distributed Data Processing -- Real Time System -- Videotex -- APPENDIX A: MS DOS COMMANDS -- INDEX