Systems analysis and design Elias M. Awad

Part ne
Overview
1. Systems Concepts the Information Systems Environment
Introduction. The Systems Concept: Definition. Characteristics 8f a
System: Organization, Interaction. Interdependence, tntegfration. Cen
tral Objective. Elements of a System: Outputs and inputs. Processoris).
Control. Feedback. Environment. Boundaries and Intetface. lypes of
Systems: Physical or Abstract Systems. Open or Closed Systems.^Man-
Made information Systems. Illustration -A Dynamic Personnel Infor
mation System Model.
2. The System Development Life Cy®^®
Introduction. The System Development Life Cycle: Recognition of Need
—What is the Problem? Feasibility Stutfy. ^talysls. Design. Imple
mentation. Post-implementation and Maintenance. Considerations for
Candidate Systems: Political Considerations. Planning and Control for
System Success. Prototvoing.
3. The Role of the Systems Analyst
Introduction. Definition. Historical Perapective: The Earfy Years. The
War Effort. VVhat Does It Take to Do S^tems Analysis? Acsdemic and
Persorud Cjpalifications. The MuUifaces«d Role of the Anatyst: Otange
Agent. Investigator and Monitor. Architect. Pi^hologist. Salesperson.
Motivator. Politician. Tlie Analyst/User Interface: Behavioral Issues.
Conflict Resolution. The Place of the Analyst in the MIS Oi^anization:
The MIS Organization. Rising Positions in System Development: The
Paraprqfessional. The Technical Writer. Conclusions.
Part Two
Systems Anafysis
4. Systems Planning and the Initial Investigation
Introduction. Bases for Planning in Systems Analysis: Dimensions of
Planning. Initial Investigation: Needs Identification. Determining the
User's Information Requirements. Case Scenario. Problem Definition
and Project Initiation. Background Analysis. Fdct-Pinding. Fact Analysis.
Determination of Feasibility.
8. Informatipn Gathering
Introduction. VWiat Kinds of Information Do We Need? Information
about the Firm. Information about User Staff. Information about Work
Flow. Where Does Information Originate? Information-Gathering
Tools: Review of Literature, Procedures, and Forms. On-Site Observa
tion. Interviews and Qpestionnaires. Types cf Interviews and Qpestionnaires.
6. Hie Tools of Structured Analysis
^ Iritroduction. What Is Structured Anafysis? The Tools of Structured
Analysis: The Data Flow Diagram (DFD). Data Dictionary. Decision Tree
and Structured English. Decision TMes. Pros and Ctms of Each Tool.
7. PeasibllityStudy
Introduction. System Performance Definition: Statement cf Con
straints. Identification cf Specffic System Objectives. Inscription of
Outputs. Feasibility Study: Feasibility Considerations. Steps in Feasi
bility Ans^is. Feasibility Report. Oral Presentation.
8. Cost/Benefit Analysis
Introduction. Data Analysis. Cost/Benefit Analysis: Cost and Benefit
Categories. Procedure for Cost/Benefit Determination. The System
IVopo^
Put Three
Systems Design
8« the Process and Stages of Systems Design
Introduction. The Process of Design: Logical and Physical Design. Design
Methodologies: Structured Design- Porm-Driven Methodology—
The IPO Charts. Structured WsJkthroug/t. Major Development Activi
ties: Personnel Allocation. Audit Considerations: Processir^ Controls
and Data Walidation. Audit TYail and Documentation Control.
10. Input/Output and Forma Design
Introduction, input Design: Input Data. Input Media and Devices. Out
put Design. Forms Design: What's a Porm? Classification of Porms.
Requirements cfPorms Design. Carbon Paper as a Porm Copier. Types
if Porms. Layout Considerations. Porms Control.
11. File Organization and Data Base Design
introduction. File Structure. File Oiganization: Sequential Organiza
tion. Indeyed-Secptential Organization. Inverted List Organization. Dir&:
t-Access Org/anization. Data Base Design: Objectives of Data Base.
Key Terms. Logical and Physical Views of Data. Data Structure. Nor
malization. The Role of the Data Base Administrator.
l>iarl Four
S^tem Implementation
U. System Testing and Qpiality Assurance
introdueiion. Why ^tem Testing? What Do We Test for? The Nature
of Test Data. The Test Plan: ActiWly Network for System Testing. Sys
tem Testing. Quality Assurance: Quality Assurance Goals in the Systems
Lfe Cycle. Levels of Qpality Assurance. Trends in Testing. Role of the
Data Processing Auditor: The Audit Trail.
13. implementation and Software Maintenam^
introduction. Conversion: Activity Network for Conversion. Combating
Resistance to Change. Post-implementation Review: Request for Re
view. A Review Plan. Software Maintenance: Maintenance or Enhance
ment? Primary Activities of a Maintenance Procedure. Reducing Main
tenance Costs.
14. Hardware/Software Selection and the Computer Contract
Introduction. The- Computer Industiy: Hardware Suf^liers. Software
Suppliers. Service Suppliers. The Software industiy: Types of Software.
A Procedure for Hardware»«oflwarB Selection: Major Phases in Selec
tion. Software Selection. The Evaluation Process. Financial Considera
tions in Selection: The Rentbl Option. The Lease Option. The Purchase
Option. The Used Computer. The Computer Contract: The Art of
Negotiation. Contract Checklist.
18. Project Scheduling and Software
Introduction. Why Do Systems Fail? What is Project Management? A
18o Se^irSttsTp Disaster/Recmsi^p araid BtisScs
in System Development
Introcfuction. System Security: Dejiniiiona. Threats to System Security.
Control Measures. Disaster/Recoveiy Planning: The Plan. Ethics In
System Development: Ethics Codes and Standards of Behavior.
Glossary of Terma
ImSeacPart ne
Overview
1. Systems Concepts the Information Systems Environment
Introduction. The Systems Concept: Definition. Characteristics 8f a
System: Organization, Interaction. Interdependence, tntegfration. Cen
tral Objective. Elements of a System: Outputs and inputs. Processoris).
Control. Feedback. Environment. Boundaries and Intetface. lypes of
Systems: Physical or Abstract Systems. Open or Closed Systems.^Man-
Made information Systems. Illustration -A Dynamic Personnel Infor
mation System Model.
2. The System Development Life Cy®^®
Introduction. The System Development Life Cycle: Recognition of Need
—What is the Problem? Feasibility Stutfy. ^talysls. Design. Imple
mentation. Post-implementation and Maintenance. Considerations for
Candidate Systems: Political Considerations. Planning and Control for
System Success. Prototvoing.
3. The Role of the Systems Analyst
Introduction. Definition. Historical Perapective: The Earfy Years. The
War Effort. VVhat Does It Take to Do S^tems Analysis? Acsdemic and
Persorud Cjpalifications. The MuUifaces«d Role of the Anatyst: Otange
Agent. Investigator and Monitor. Architect. Pi^hologist. Salesperson.
Motivator. Politician. Tlie Analyst/User Interface: Behavioral Issues.
Conflict Resolution. The Place of the Analyst in the MIS Oi^anization:
The MIS Organization. Rising Positions in System Development: The
Paraprqfessional. The Technical Writer. Conclusions.
Part Two
Systems Anafysis
4. Systems Planning and the Initial Investigation
Introduction. Bases for Planning in Systems Analysis: Dimensions of
Planning. Initial Investigation: Needs Identification. Determining the
User's Information Requirements. Case Scenario. Problem Definition
and Project Initiation. Background Analysis. Fdct-Pinding. Fact Analysis.
Determination of Feasibility.
8. Informatipn Gathering
Introduction. VWiat Kinds of Information Do We Need? Information
about the Firm. Information about User Staff. Information about Work
Flow. Where Does Information Originate? Information-Gathering
Tools: Review of Literature, Procedures, and Forms. On-Site Observa
tion. Interviews and Qpestionnaires. Types cf Interviews and Qpestionnaires.
6. Hie Tools of Structured Analysis
^ Iritroduction. What Is Structured Anafysis? The Tools of Structured
Analysis: The Data Flow Diagram (DFD). Data Dictionary. Decision Tree
and Structured English. Decision TMes. Pros and Ctms of Each Tool.
7. PeasibllityStudy
Introduction. System Performance Definition: Statement cf Con
straints. Identification cf Specffic System Objectives. Inscription of
Outputs. Feasibility Study: Feasibility Considerations. Steps in Feasi
bility Ans^is. Feasibility Report. Oral Presentation.
8. Cost/Benefit Analysis
Introduction. Data Analysis. Cost/Benefit Analysis: Cost and Benefit
Categories. Procedure for Cost/Benefit Determination. The System
IVopo^
Put Three
Systems Design
8« the Process and Stages of Systems Design
Introduction. The Process of Design: Logical and Physical Design. Design
Methodologies: Structured Design- Porm-Driven Methodology—
The IPO Charts. Structured WsJkthroug/t. Major Development Activi
ties: Personnel Allocation. Audit Considerations: Processir^ Controls
and Data Walidation. Audit TYail and Documentation Control.
10. Input/Output and Forma Design
Introduction, input Design: Input Data. Input Media and Devices. Out
put Design. Forms Design: What's a Porm? Classification of Porms.
Requirements cfPorms Design. Carbon Paper as a Porm Copier. Types
if Porms. Layout Considerations. Porms Control.
11. File Organization and Data Base Design
introduction. File Structure. File Oiganization: Sequential Organiza
tion. Indeyed-Secptential Organization. Inverted List Organization. Dir&:
t-Access Org/anization. Data Base Design: Objectives of Data Base.
Key Terms. Logical and Physical Views of Data. Data Structure. Nor
malization. The Role of the Data Base Administrator.
l>iarl Four
S^tem Implementation
U. System Testing and Qpiality Assurance
introdueiion. Why ^tem Testing? What Do We Test for? The Nature
of Test Data. The Test Plan: ActiWly Network for System Testing. Sys
tem Testing. Quality Assurance: Quality Assurance Goals in the Systems
Lfe Cycle. Levels of Qpality Assurance. Trends in Testing. Role of the
Data Processing Auditor: The Audit Trail.
13. implementation and Software Maintenam^
introduction. Conversion: Activity Network for Conversion. Combating
Resistance to Change. Post-implementation Review: Request for Re
view. A Review Plan. Software Maintenance: Maintenance or Enhance
ment? Primary Activities of a Maintenance Procedure. Reducing Main
tenance Costs.
14. Hardware/Software Selection and the Computer Contract
Introduction. The- Computer Industiy: Hardware Suf^liers. Software
Suppliers. Service Suppliers. The Software industiy: Types of Software.
A Procedure for Hardware»«oflwarB Selection: Major Phases in Selec
tion. Software Selection. The Evaluation Process. Financial Considera
tions in Selection: The Rentbl Option. The Lease Option. The Purchase
Option. The Used Computer. The Computer Contract: The Art of
Negotiation. Contract Checklist.
18. Project Scheduling and Software
Introduction. Why Do Systems Fail? What is Project Management? A
18o Se^irSttsTp Disaster/Recmsi^p araid BtisScs
in System Development
Introcfuction. System Security: Dejiniiiona. Threats to System Security.
Control Measures. Disaster/Recoveiy Planning: The Plan. Ethics In
System Development: Ethics Codes and Standards of Behavior.
Glossary of Terma
ImSeac