Cassette culture: popular music and technology in north India/ Peter Manuel.

1. Introduction: Theoretical Perspectives
Cassettes and the New Media Technologies
Cassette Technology and the "Democratic-Participant" Media
Theoretical Approaches: Ethnomusicology and Media Theory
Control of the Media
Media Content
Reception Theory: Effects and Audience Interpretations of Media Content
Base and Superstructure in an Integrated Cultural Materialism
Conclusions

2. The Impact of Cassettes on the International Recording Industry
Contrasting Patterns of Development
The International Impact of Cassette Technology
Cassette Piracy
The Emergence of Legitimate Cassette Industries

3. The Music Industry and Film Culture up to 1975
The Growth of the Indian Record Industry
Radio
Film Music and Film Culture
Film Music: Context and Content
The Impact of Film Music on Folk Music
Conclusions

4. The Advent of Cassettes: New Alternatives to His Master's Voice
Cassettes come to India
Cassette Producers
Financial and Technological Aspects of the Cassette Industry
Promotion and Publicity
Music-Industry Organizations
Piracy
Compact Discs

5. Cassettes and the Modern Ghazal
The Traditional Ghazal
The Rise and Fall of the Film Ghazal
The Modern Ghazal
"Pop" Goes the Ghazal
Conclusions

6. Devotional Music
Music and Bhakti in Hindu Culture
Devotional Music and the Mass Media
Ghazal, Cassettes, and the Emergence of the Pop Bhajan
The Mainstream Pop Bhajan: Aesthetics, Ethos, and Commercialism
"Great" and "Little Traditions" in Commercial Devotional Music
Production and Marketing of Devotional Music
Muslim Devotional Music
Cassettes and Live Performance
Conclusions

7. The Politics of Parody: Tune-Borrowing in Popular and Folk Music
Parody in Hindustani Music
Parody in Folk Music

"Versions": Recycling the Classics
Copyright
Conclusions

8. Regional Musics
Social Identity and Regional Syncretic Musics
Cassettes and Diversification: Region, Language, and Genre
Cassettes and Class Expression
Gender
The Impact of Commodification
Song Texts in Regional Cassette-Based Music
Cassettes and Lewd Regional Songs
Cassettes and Live Performance
Regional Cassette Musics
Conclusions

9. Rasiya: A Case Study in Commercialization
Braj Culture and Rasiya
Song Texts in Secular Folk Rasiya
Gender Representation in Rasiya
Rasiya and Socioeconomic Modernization
Rasiya and Mass Culture
Film Parodies and Hathrasi Rasiya
The Advent of Cassettes
Cassettes and the "Little Tradition" of Rasiya Bhakti
Secular Rasiya Cassettes
Song Texts in Commercial Rasiya
Disparaging Perspectives
M. H. Zaidi, Rasiya Producer
Singer-Poet Sevaram "Tanatan" Sharma
Conclusions

10. Cassettes and Sociopolitical Movements
Jagori: Cassettes and Women's Liberation
Regional Movements in Eastern Bihar
Cassettes and the 1989 Elections
Regional and Sectarian Movements