Logic and rational thought/ Frank R Harrison

CHAPTER 1 STARTING OUT
1. Why Bother With Rational Thought?
2. Logic and Arguments
3. Arguments, Explanations, Descriptions, and Rlietoric
4. Deduction and Induction
5. Some Final Obsenations
6. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 2 TRUTH-FUNCTIONAL LOGIC: BASIC CONCEPTS
1. Truth-Functional Logic
2. Statement Variables and Logical Constants
3. Truth-Functional Denial
4. Truth-Functional ("onjunction
5. Truth-Functional Disjunction
6. (Constants of Punctuation and Scope
7. Constructing Truth Tables
S. Hypothetical Statements and Material Implication
9. Material Equivalence
10. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 3 TRUTH-FUNCTIONAL LOGIC: TRUTH TABLES
1. Shortened Form Truth Tables
2. Contradictory, Tautological, and C^ontingent Statements
3. Shortened Form Truth Tables: \'alidity and Invalidity
4. The Rrdurlian Ad Ahsunluin Wclhod: \'alidity and Invalidity
5. The Replacement Method: X'alidity and Invalidity
6. Consistency and Inconsistency
7. Logical Equivalence
8. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 4 TRUTH-FUNCTIONAL LOGIC: TRUTH TREES
1. Validity and Invalidity
2. Consistency and Inconsistency
3. Contradictoiy, Tautological, and Contingent Statements
4. Logical Equivalence
5. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 5 TRUTH-FUNCTIONAL LOGIC:
ARGUMENT FORMS
1. Argument Forms
2. Simplification, Commutation of the Dot, and Conjunction
3. Disjunctive Syllogism, Commutation of the Wedge, and Addition
4. Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens
5. Hypothetical Syllogism and Constructive Dilemma
6. Points of Strateg)'—A Summaiy Review
7. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 6 TRUTH-FUNCTIONAL LOGIC:
EQUIVALENCE FORMS
1. Association and Commutation
2. Double Negation and Transposition
3. Distribution and DeMorgan's Laws
4. Material Implication and Exportation
5. Equivalence and Tautology
6. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 7 TRUTH-FUNCTIONAL LOGIC:
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
1. The Conditional Method of Proving Validity
2. The Indirect Method of Proving Validity
3. Demonstrations oflnconsistency
4. Demonstrations of Tautologies
.5. Demonstrations of Logical Equivalence
6. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 8 CATEGORICAL LOGIC:
STATEMENTS AND IMMEDIATE INFERENCES
1. Categorical Statements and Venn Diagrams
2. Non-Standard Form Categorical Statements
3. Existential Import and the Square of Opposition
4. Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition
5. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 9 CATEGORICAL LOGIC:
SYLLOGISMS, ENTHYMEMES AND SORITES
1. Categorical Syllogisms
2. Validity and Venn Diagrams
3. Validity and Categorical Rules
4. Enthymemes and Sorites
5. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 10 PREDICATE LOGIC: BEGINNINGS
1. Individuals, Properties, and Singular Statements
2. General Statements—I
3. General Statements—II
4. Statements Involving Relations
5. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 11 TRUTH TREES AND PREDICATE LOGIC
1. Validity and Invalidity
2. Consistency and Inconsistency
3. Contradictions, Necessarily True Statements, and Contingent
Statements
4. Logical Equivalence
5. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 12 PREDICATE LOGIC: PROOF CONSTRUCTION
1. Getting Started
2. Universal Instantiation and Universal Generalization
3. Existential Generalization and Existential Instantiation
4. Quantificational Denial
5. Conditional and Indirect Proofs
6. Arguments Involving Relations
7. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 13 LANGUAGE, MEANING, AND DEFINITIONS
1. Language
2. Meaning
3. Definilions
4. Consirueting Dennilions
3. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 14 THINGS THAT CAN GO WRONG:
FALLACIES OF RELEVANCE
1. Ciogenl and Fallacious Argumeius
2. (Classifying Fallacies
3. Hindrances lo Crasping Fallacies
4. (iuides to (Catching Fallacies
5. Anihigtiity
6. Equivocation
7. Vagueness
8. Relative Words
9. Appeal to Irrelevant Authority
10. Appeal to Pity
11. Appeal to the Mas.ses
12. Appeal to Special Interests
13. Appeal to Ignorance
14. Fake Precision
13. Hasty (Conclusion
16. Neglect of Relevant Evidence
17. Review of New Terms
CHAPTER 15 FALLACIES OF RATIONALITY
1. Ad Hnminem
2. Tu Quoque
3. Red Herring
4. Straw Man
5. Is-Ought
6. Deceptive Alternatives
7. Wishful Thinking
8. Novelty
9. (Confusing Sufficient and Necessary (Conditions
10. Questionable (Causes
11. Slippery Slope
12. Gambler's Fallacy
13. (Circular Argument
14. Inconsistencies
13. Factual Certainty