Energy 2050/ Making the transition to a secure low carbon energy system Paul Ekins, Jim Skea and Mark Winskel

Energy 2050 Making the Transition to a Secure Low Carbon Energy System; Copyright; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; List of Contributors; Acknowledgements; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Conversion Matrix; 1 Introduction; The long-term challenge of secure low carbon energy; Thinking about energy futures; How the book was written; Structure of the book; 2 UK Energy in an Era of Globalization: Trends, Technologies and Environmental Impacts; Introduction; Long-term energy trends; Final energy demand; How energy is used; Future energy demand technologies; Primary energy demand. Trends in electricity generationFuture electricity generation technologies; Energy trade and self-sufficiency; Energy infrastructure; Environmental concerns; Conclusions; 3 UK Energy Policy and Institutions; Introduction; Ownership issues, late 1940s to mid-1990s; Managing and regulating the flow of electricity; Managing and regulating the flow of gas; New issues in energy policy; UK climate and energy policy development; UK policies for CO2 emissions reduction, 2000-2010; Policies for energy security; Conclusion; 4 Energy Futures: The Challenges of Decarbonization and Security of Supply. IntroductionEnergy systems, decarbonization and resilience; The scenario framework; Scenario analysis and modelling tools; Key assumptions in the core scenarios; Reference scenario results; The gap between the Reference scenario and policy aspirations; 5 Pathways to a Low Carbon Economy; Introduction; Scenario design; Scenario results; Insights and conclusions; Annex 5.1: Data for calculation of carbon tax implied by UK Climate Change Levy (CCL); 6 A Resilient Energy System; Introduction; What can go wrong: shocks to the energy system; Indicators of resilience. Quantifying resilience at the macro levelResilience: implications for energy markets and technologies; Reliability in the network industries; Hypothetical system shocks; Mitigating the shocks; Adding up the costs of resilience; Policy implications; 7 Accelerating the Development of Energy Supply Technologies: The Role of Research and Innovation; Introduction; Technological innovation and energy system change; The accelerated technology development scenarios; Scenarios, system modelling and the real world; Accelerated development scenarios and UK decarbonization pathways. Implications and challengesSummary and conclusions; 8 A Change of Scale? Prospects for Distributed Energy Resources; Introduction; Challenges in the residential sector; Technology characteristics, performance and suitability; The human dimension: installers and householders; Policy challenges for distributed energy resources; Conclusions; 9 The Way We Live From Now On: Lifestyle and Energy Consumption; Introduction; Quantifying lifestyle; Lifestyle change at home; Lifestyle change in mobility and transport; Lifestyle change for a low carbon world; Public policy implications; Conclusions.