History and doctrines of the Ajivikas: A vanished Indian religion/ Arthur Llewellyn Basham & Lionel David Barnett

PART I. HISTORY OF THE AJlVH^S
lNTR0i5UCTI0N - .
The Historical Background to the Rise of Ajivikism.
. The Six Heretics
The Record of the Sdmanna-pliala Sutta .
Other Buddhist References to the Doctrines of the
Heretics
Makkhali Gosala and his Predecessors
Ajlvika Leaders before Makkhali Gosala
Nanda Vaccha and Kisa Sahkicca .
The Immediate Predecessors of Makkhali Gosala
Makkhali Gosala .
Birth of Makkhali Gosala
The Meeting of Gosala with Mahavira
The Peregrinations of the Two Ascetics
Gosala and the Sesamum Plant
GosalaandV esiyayana
Gosala Attains Magical Power and becomes the
Leader of the Ajlvikas
The Last Days of Makkhali Gosala
The Six Disacaras
Gosala is Exposed by Mahavira
Gosala Visits Mahavira
Gosala's Delirium
Ayampula Visits Gosala
Gosala's Repentance and Death
The Date of Gosala's Death .
The Name and Titles of Makkhali Gosala
PURANA AND PaKUDHA
Purana Kassapa
The Death of Purana
Pakudha Kaccayana
The Early AjIvika Community (I)
The Wandering Pliilosojihers
Etymology of the Term Ajivika
The Ajivika Initiation
Ajivika Nudity .
Ajivika Asceticism
The Ajivika Sabhd
Song and Dance .
The Early AjIvika Community (II)
Begging and Dietary Practices
AccusaMoiis of Worldliness and Immorality
The Final Penance
Ajivika Laymen .
Relations between Ajivikas and Buddhists
Relations between Ajivikas and Jainas .
AjiVIKAS IN THE NaNDA AND MaURYA PeIUODS
Mahapadma
Ajivikism in Maurya Times .
The ]hirril)ar and Nagarjimi Caves
AjIvikas in Later Times
References in Sanskrit Literature
Varahamihira and Utpala
Silahka and the Trairasikas .
Nemicandra on the Ajivikas .
Lexicographical References .
The Last References to Ajivikas
The Southern AjIvikas
The Inscriptions .
Ajivikas in Tamil Literature
Appendix to Part I -The Iconoclast Ascetics of
KASHMiU
PART II. DOCTRINES OF THE \JlVIKAS
AjIvika Scriptures
The Mahdnimittas, the Maggas, and the Onyatu-hitir
Pfili and Prakrit Quotations .
Quotations by the Conunentators
Niyati
Nigalivdda Dialectic
The Development of the Nigcvti Doctrine
AjIvika Cosmology
The Categories of the Sdmanna-jihala Siilta
The Eight Last Things
The Six Inevitables
Other AjIvika Categories
Mcmdala-moksa .
Other Doctrines of the AjIvikas
The Elements
AjIvika AtQinisin in Relation to other Indian
Atomic Doctrines
The Soul
The Gods .
AjIvika Logic
The Status of Makkhali Gosala
Conclusion
Summary . . . .
Dr. Barua's Three Questions .
The Influence of the AjIvikas
The Place of the AjIvikas in Indian History