Buddhist Logic/ Th. Stcherbatsky.

Introduction
1. Buddhist Logic -what .
2. The place of Logic in the history of Buddhism
3. First period of Buddhist philosophy
4. Second » » » »
5. Third .» » » »
6. The place of Buddhist Logic in the history of Indian philosophy
1) The Materialists
2) Jainism . . . .
3) The Sankhya System
4) The Yoga System.
5) The Vedanta .
6) The MlmaipsS
7) The Nyaya-Vaisesika System
7. Buddhist Logic before Dignliga
8. The life of DignSga . .
9. The a » Dharmakirti . . ..
10. The works of Dharmakirti .
11. The order of the chapters in Pramana-vartika
12. The philological school of commentators
13. The Cashmere or philosophic school of commentators
14. The third or religious school of commentators . •
16. Post-Buddhist Logic and the struggle between Realism and Nominalism in India
16. Buddhist Logic in China and Japan
17. a n Tibet and Mongolia .

Part I.—Reality and Knowledge (pramaiiya-vada) . .
1. Scope and aim of Buddhist Logic
2. A source of knowledge what
3. Cognition and Recognition . . .
4. The test of truth n
5. Realistic and Buddhistic view of experience
6. Two realities
7. The double character of a source of knowledge
8. The limits of cognition. Dogmatism and Criticism .

Part II.—The Sensible World .
Chapter I. — The theory of lostantaaeous Being (ksa^iika-vada).
1. The problem stated
2. Reality is kinetic
3. Argument from ideality of Time and Space
4. Duration and extention are not real .
5. Argument from direct perception . .
6. Recognition does not prove duration
7. Argument from an analysis of the notion of existence . .
8. Argument from an analysis of the notion of non-existence
9. finntiraksita's formula
10. Change and annihilation
11. Motion is discontinuous
12. Annihilation certain a priori
13. Momentariness deduced from the law of Contradiction .
14. Is the point-instant a reality? The Diflterential Calculus
15. History of the doctrine of Momentariness
16. Some European Parallels

Chapter II. — Causation (pratitya-samutpfida)
1. Causation as functional dependence
2 The formulas of causation . . ..
3. Causation and Reality identical
4. Two kinds of Causality
5. Plurality of causes .
6. Infinity of causes . .
7. Causality and Free Will
8. The four meanings of Dependent Origination
9. Some European Parallels

Chapter III. — Sense-perception (pratyaksam).
1. The definition of sense-perception
2. The experiment of Dharmakirti .
3. Perception and illusion
4. The varieties of intuition . . . •
a) Mental sensation (manasa-praktyaksa) . . •
b) The intelligible intuition of the Saint (yogi-pratyak^a) .
c) Introspection (svasamvedana)
5 History of the Indian vies on sense-perception
6. Some European Parallels

Chapter IV. — Ultimate reality (paramnrtha-sat).
1. What is ultimately real
2. The Particular is the ultimate reality . .
3. Reality is unutterable
4. Reality produces a vivid image .
5. Ultimate Reality is dynamic . .
G. The Monad ami the Atom . . .
7. Reality is Affirmation .
8. Objections .
9. The evolution of the views on Reality .
10. Some European Parallels

Part III.—The constructed world
Chapter I. — Judgment.
1. Transition from pure sensation to conception . .
2. The first steps of the Understanding .
3. A judgment what
4. Judgment and the synthesis in concepts
5. Judgment and namegiving .
6. Categories .
7. Judgment viewed as analysis .
8. Judgment as objectively valid
9. History of the theory of judgment
10. Some European Parallels

Chapter 11. — Inference
1. Judgment and Inference
2. The three terms . . . .
3. The various definitions of inference . .
4. Inferring and Inference
5. How far Inference is true knowledge
6. The three Aspects of the Reason
7. Dhamakirti's tract on relations .
8. Two lines of dependence
9. Analytic and Synthetic judgments .
10. The final table of Categories .
11. Are the items of the table mutually exclusive
12. Is the Buddhist table of relations exhaustive .
13. Universal and Necessary Judgments . .
14. The limits of the use of pure Understanding
15. Historical sketch of the views of Inference .
16. Some European Parallels

Chapter lU. — Syllogism (parnrthanumanam).
1. Definition
2. The members of syllogism
3. Syllogism and Induction
4. The figures of Syllogism
5. The value of Syllogism .
(). Historical sketch of Syllogism viewed as inference for others
7. European and Buddhist Syllogism
a) Definition by Aristotle and by the Buddhists
b) Aristotle's Syllogism from Example
c) Inference and Induction
d) The Buddhist syllogism contains two propositions
e) Contraposition .
f) Figures . . . .
g) The Causal and Hypothetical SyllogiBm
h) Summary

Chapter IV. — Logical Fallacies.
1. Classilicatiou .
2. Fallacy against Reality (asiddha-hetv-abhiisa) . . ,
3. Fallacy of a Contrary Reason
4. Fallacy of an Uncertain Reason
5. The Antinomical Fallacy . .
6. Dharmakirti's additions . . .
7. History
a) Manuals of Dialectics
b) The refutative syllogism of the Madhyamikas . . .
c) The Vaisegika system influenced by the Buddhists .
d) The Nyaya system.influenced by Dignaga . . ..
8. European Parallels

Part IV. — Negation
Chapter I, — The negative judgment.
1. The essence of Negation
2. Negation is an Inference
3. The figures of the Negative Syllogism. The figure of Simple Negation
4. The ten remaining figures .
6. Importance of Negation
6. Contradiction and Causality only in the Empirical Sphere . .
7. Negation of supersensuous objects
8. Indian developments
9. European Parallels:
a) Sigwart's theory
b) Denied copula and Negative Predicate
c) Judgment and Re-judgment . ...

Chapter II. — The Law of Contradiction.
1. The origin of Contradiction
2. Logical Contradiction . . .
3. Dynamical opposition . .
4. Law of Otherness
5. Different formulations of the Laws of Contradiction and Otherness
6. Other Indian schools on Contradiction
7. Some European Parallels
a) The Law of Excluded Middle . . ..
b) The Law of Double Negation
c) The Law of Identity
d) Two European Logics
e) Heracleitus ' '
f) Causation and Identity in the fragments of Heracleitus -
g) The Eleatic Law of Contradiction .
h) Plato
i) Kant and Sigwart .
j) The Aristotelian formula of Contradiction and Dharmakirti's theory of Relations .

Chapter III. — Universals.
1. The static Universality of Things replaced by similarity of action
2. History of the problem of Universals
3. Some European Parallels .

Chapter IV. — Dialectic.
1. Dignliga's Theory of Names
2. Jinendrabuddhi on the Theory of the Negative Meaning of Names .
a) All names are negative
b) The origin of Universals
c) Controversy with the Realist
d) The experience of individuals becomes the agreed experience of the Human Mind .
e) Conclusion . . .
3. Santiraksita and Kamalasila on the negative meaning of words
4. Historical sketch of the development of the Buddhist Dialectical Method .
5. European Parallels.
a) Kant and Hegel
b) J. S. Mill and A. Bain .
c) Sigwart
d) Aftirmation what
e) Ulrici and Lotze

Part V.—Reality of the External World .
1. What is Real . .
2. What is External
3. The three worlds
4. Critical Realism
5. Ultimate Monism
6. Idealism
7. DignHga's tract on the Unreality of the External World .
8. Dharmakirti's tract on the Repudiation of Solipsism . . .
9. History of the problem of the Reality of the External World
10. Some European Parallels
11. Indo-European Symposion on the Reality of the External
World . .