Electronic devices and circuit theory/ Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky.

Preface v
CHAPTER 1: Semiconductor Diodes 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Semiconductor Materials: Ge, Si, and GaAs 2
1.3 Covalent Bonding and Intrinsic Materials 3
1.4 Energy Levels 5
1.5 Extrinsic Materials: n-Type and p-Type 7
1.6 Semiconductor Diode 10
1.7 Ideal Versus Practical 19
1.8 Resistance Levels 21
1.9 Diode Equivalent Circuits 27
1.10 Transition and Diffusion Capacitance 30
1.11 Reverse Recovery Time 31
1.12 Diode Specification Sheets 32
1.13 Semiconductor Diode Notation 35
1.14 Diode Testing 36
1.15 Zener Diodes 38
1.16 Light-Emitting Diodes 41
1.17 Summary 48
1.18 Computer Analysis 49
CHAPTER 2: Diode Applications 59
2.1 Introduction 59
2.2 Load-Line Analysis 60
2.3 Series Diode Configurations 65
2.4 Parallel and Series-Parallel Configurations 71
2.5 AND/OR Gates 74
2.6 Sinusoidal Inputs; Half-Wave Rectification 76
2.7 Full-Wave Rectification 79
2.8 Clippers 82
2.9 Clampers 89
2.10 Zener Diodes 92
2.11 Voltage-Multiplier Circuits 100
2.12 Practical Applications 103
2.13 Summary 113
2.14 Computer Analysis 114
CHAPTER 3: Bipolar Junction Transistors 131
3.1 Introduction 131
3.2 Transistor Construction 132
3.3 Transistor Operation 132
3.4 Common-Base Configuration 134
3.5 Transistor Amplifying Action 138
3.6 Common-Emitter Configuration 139
3.7 Common-Collector Configuration 145
3.8 Limits of Operation 146
3.9 Transistor Specification Sheet 147
3.10 Transistor Testing 151
3.11 Transistor Casing and Terminal Identification 153
3.12 Summary 154
3.13 Computer Analysis 156
CHAPTER 4: DC Biasing-BJTs 161
4.1 Introduction 161
4.2 Operating Point 162
4.3 Fixed-Bias Circuit 164
4.4 Emitter Bias 171
4.5 Voltage-Divider Bias 175
4.6 DC Bias with Voltage Feedback 182
4.7 Miscellaneous Bias Configurations 185
4.8 Design Operations 190
4.9 Transistor Switching Networks 196
4.10 Troubleshooting Techniques 199
4.11 pnp Transistors 202
4.12 Bias Stabilization 203
4.13 Practical Applications 212
4.14 Summary 219
4.15 Computer Analysis 221
CHAPTER 5: BJT AC Analysis 236
5.1 Introduction 237
5.2 Application in the AC Domain 237
5.3 BJT Transistor Modeling 238
5.4 The re Transistor Model 240
5.5 The Hybrid Equivalent Model 247
5.6 Hybrid Model 252
5.7 Variations of Transistor Parameters 253
5.8 Common-Emitter Fixed-Bias Configuration 255
5.9 Voltage-Divider Bias 258
5.10 CE Emitter-Bias Configuration 261
5.11 Emitter-Follower Configuration 268
5.12 Common-Base Configuration 272
5.13 Collector Feedback Configuration 274
5.14 Collector DC Feedback Configuration 278
5.15 Determining the Current Gain 281
5.16 Effect of RL and Rs 282
5.17 Two-Port Systems Approach 287
5.18 Summary Tables 292
5.19 Cascaded Systems 295
5.20 Darlington Connection 299
5.21 Feedback Pair 304
5.22 Current Mirror Circuits 307
5.23 Current Source Circuits 309
5.24 Approximate Hybrid Equivalent Circuit 311
5.25 Complete Hybrid Equivalent Model 317
5.26 Troubleshooting 324
5.27 Practical Applications 325
5.28 Summary 332
5.29 Computer Analysis 334
CHAPTER 6: Field-Effect Transistors 360
6.1 Introduction 360
6.2 Construction and Characteristics of JFETs 362
6.3 Transfer Characteristics 368
6.4 Specification Sheets (JFETs) 374
6.5 Instrumentation 376
6.6 Important Relationships 377
6.7 Depletion-Type MOSFET 378
6.8 Enhancement-Type MOSFET 384
6.9 MOSFET Handling 391
6.10 VMOS 392
6.11 CMOS 393
6.12 MESFETs 394
6.13 Summary Table 397
6.14 Summary 397
6.15 Computer Analysis 398
CHAPTER 7: FET Biasing 404
7.1 Introduction 404
7.2 Fixed-Bias Configuration 405
7.3 Self-Bias Configuration 409
7.4 Voltage-Divider Biasing 415
7.5 Depletion-Type MOSFETs 420
7.6 Enhancement-Type MOSFETs 425
7.7 Summary Table 430
7.8 Combination Networks 430
7.9 Design 434
7.10 Troubleshooting 436
7.11 p-Channel FETs 437
7.12 Universal JFET Bias Curve 439
7.13 Practical Applications 442
7.14 Summary 453
7.15 Computer Analysis 454
CHAPTER 8: FET Amplifiers 464
8.1 Introduction 464
8.2 FET Small-Signal Model 465
8.3 JFET Fixed-Bias Configuration 472
8.4 JFET Self-Bias Configuration 475
8.5 JFET Voltage-Divider Configuration 481
8.6 JFET Source-Follower (Common-Drain) Configuration 482
8.7 JFET Common-Gate Configuration 485
8.8 Depletion-Type MOSFETs 489
8.9 Enhancement-Type MOSFETs 490
8.10 E-MOSFET Drain-Feedback Configuration 491
8.11 E-MOSFET Voltage-Divider Configuration 494
8.12 Designing FET Amplifier Networks 495
8.13 Summary Table 497
8.14 Effect of RL and Rsig 500
8.15 Cascade Configuration 503
8.16 Troubleshooting 505
8.17 Practical Applications 506
8.18 Summary 515
8.19 Computer Analysis 515
CHAPTER 9: BJT and JFET Frequency Response 530
9.1 Introduction 530
9.2 Logarithms 530
9.3 Decibels 534
9.4 General Frequency Considerations 537
9.5 Low-Frequency Analysis-Bode Plot 540
9.6 Low-Frequency Response-BJT Amplifier 546
9.7 Low-Frequency Response-FET Amplifier 555
9.8 Miller Effect Capacitance 560
9.9 High-Frequency Response-BJT Amplifier 562
9.10 High-Frequency Response-FET Amplifier 569
9.11 Multistage Frequency Effects 572
9.12 Square-Wave Testing 573
9.13 Summary 577
9.14 Computer Analysis 578
CHAPTER 10: Operational Amplifiers 584
10.1 Introduction 584
10.2 Differential Amplifier Circuit 587
10.3 BiFET, BiMOS, and CMOS Differential Amplifier Circuits 594
10.4 Op-Amp Basics 597
10.5 Practical Op-Amp Circuits 600
10.6 Op-Amp Specifications-DC Offset Parameters 605
10.7 Op-Amp Specifications-Frequency Parameters 608
10.8 Op-Amp Unit Specifications 611
10.9 Differential and Common-Mode Operation 616
10.10 Summary 620
10.11 Computer Analysis 621
CHAPTER 11: Op-Amp Applications 631
11.1 Constant-Gain Multiplier 631
11.2 Voltage Summing 635
11.3 Voltage Buffer 638
11.4 Controlled Sources 639
11.5 Instrumentation Circuits 641
11.6 Active Filters 645
11.7 Summary 648
11.8 Computer Analysis 649
CHAPTER 12: Power Amplifiers 661
12.1 Introduction-Definitions and Amplifier Types 661
12.2 Series-Fed Class A Amplifier 663
12.3 Transformer-Coupled Class A Amplifier 667
12.4 Class B Amplifier Operation 674
12.5 Class B Amplifier Circuits 677
12.6 Amplifier Distortion 683
12.7 Power Transistor Heat Sinking 687
12.8 Class C and Class D Amplifiers 690
12.9 Summary 692
12.10 Computer Analysis 693
CHAPTER 13: Linear-Digital ICs 701
13.1 Introduction 701
13.2 Comparator Unit Operation 702
13.3 Digital-Analog Converters 708
13.4 Timer IC Unit Operation 711
13.5 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator 715
13.6 Phase-Locked Loop 717
13.7 Interfacing Circuitry 721
13.8 Summary 724
13.9 Computer Analysis 724
CHAPTER 14: Feedback and Oscillator Circuits 730
14.1 Feedback Concepts 730
14.2 Feedback Connection Types 731
14.3 Practical Feedback Circuits 737
14.4 Feedback Amplifier-Phase and Frequency Considerations 742
14.5 Oscillator Operation 745
14.6 Phase-Shift Oscillator 746
14.7 Wien Bridge Oscillator 749
14.8 Tuned Oscillator Circuit 750
14.9 Crystal Oscillator 753
14.10 Unijunction Oscillator 756
14.11 Summary 757
14.12 Computer Analysis 758
CHAPTER 15: Power Supplies (Voltage Regulators) 763
15.1 Introduction 763
15.2 General Filter Considerations 764
15.3 Capacitor Filter 766
15.4 RC Filter 769
15.5 Discrete Transistor Voltage Regulation 771
15.6 IC Voltage Regulators 778
15.7 Practical Applications 783
15.8 Summary 786
15.9 Computer Analysis 786
CHAPTER 16: Other Two-Terminal Devices 791
16.1 Introduction 791
16.2 Schottky Barrier (Hot-Carrier) Diodes 791
16.3 Varactor (Varicap) Diodes 795
16.4 Power Diodes 799
16.5 Tunnel Diodes 799
16.6 Photodiodes 803
16.7 Photoconductive Cells 807
16.8 IR Emitters 808
16.9 Liquid-Crystal Displays 809
16.10 Solar Cells 812
16.11 Thermistors 815
16.12 Summary 817
CHAPTER 17: pnpn and Other Devices 821
17.1 Introduction 821
17.2 Silicon-Controlled Rectifier 822
17.3 Basic Silicon-Controlled Rectifier Operation 822
17.4 SCR Characteristics and Ratings 823
17.5 SCR Construction and Terminal Identification 825
17.6 SCR Applications 825
17.7 Silicon-Controlled Switch 829
17.8 Gate Turn-Off Switch 831
17.9 Light-Activated SCR 832
17.10 Shockley Diode 835
17.11 Diac 835
17.12 Triac
17.13 Unijunction Transistor 838
17.14 Phototransistors 846
17.15 Opto-Isolators 848
17.16 Programmable Unijunction Transistor 850
17.17 Summary 855
Appendix A: Making the Chips That Run the World 860
Appendix B: Hybrid Parameters-Graphical
Determinations and Conversion Equations (Exact and
Approximate) 872
B.1 Graphical Determination of the h-Parameters 872
B.2 Exact Conversion Equations 876
B.3 Approximate Conversion Equations 876
Appendix C: Ripple Factor and Voltage Calculations 878
C.1 Ripple Factor of Rectifier 878
C.2 Ripple Voltage of Capacitor Filter 879
C.3 Relation of Vdc and Vm to Ripple r 880
C.4 Relation of Vr (RMS) and Vm to Ripple r 881
C.5 Relation Connecting Conduction Angle,
Percentage Ripple, and IpeakyIdc for Rectifier-Capacitor
Filter Circuits 882
Appendix D: Charts and Tables 884
Appendix E: Solutions to Selected
Odd-Numbered Problems 886
Index 893