The neuropsychology of anxiety/ Jeffrey A. Gray, Neil Mcnaughton

1 OVERVIEW
Scarting points for the neuropsychology of anxiety
Fear versus anxiety
The hierarchical defence system
The amygdala
The septo-hippocampal system
What is the septo-hippocampal system?
What does the septo-hippocampal system do?
A common computational core for septo-hippocampal function—Mark 1
A common computational core for septo-hippocampal function—Mark 2
The role of other brain regions
Conclusion
2 ETHOLOGY AND ANXIETY
Ethoexperimental analysis
Ethopharmacologicai analysis
The ethology and ethopharmacology of anxiety and fear
Some terminological problems
3 LEARNING THEORY AND ANXIETY
Two-process theories of learning
Elicited reactions in learning experiments
The behavioural inhibition system revisited
Conclusions
4 THE ANXIOLYTIC DRUGS
What are the anxiolytic drugs?
Clinical usage
The classical anxiolytics
Buspirone, ipsapirone
Clomipramine and obsessive-compulsive disorder
Beta-blockers
Clinical actions of the anxiolytics—a summary
Bridging the species gap
The behavioural effects of anxiolytic drugs in animals
Anxiolytic action—some conclusions
5 A THEORY OF THE BEHAVIOURAL INHIBITION
SYSTEM
Evolution, anxiety, and rules of thumb—the search for the
behavioural inhibition system
Behavioural inhibition and rules of thumb
6 THE NEUROLOGY OF ANXIETY
The periaqueductal grey, fight, flight, and freezing
The medial hypothalamus and escape
The amygdala
The defence system—integration
Interim conclusions
Comparison between the septal, hippocampal, and anxiolytic syndromes
The effects of lesions of the noradrenergic and scrotonergic systems
The cholinergic system
The prefrontal cortex and cingulate cortex
The prefrontal cortex
The cingulate cortex
Overview of prefrontal and cingulate cortex
Prefrontal and cingulate cortex and anxiety
Conclusions
7 HIPPOCAMPAL PLACE FIELDS
Single-unit responses: non-spatial tasks
Single-unit responses: correlations with spatial position
The relation between spatial fields and head direction fields
Space, discrimination, classical conditioning, and habituation
Path integration
Topographic mapping of single cell fields
Conclusion
i MEMORY AND THE SEPTO-HIPPOCAMPAL
SYSTEM
Human versus animal amnesia
The hippocampus as the crucial site for amnesic deficits
Types of memory
The effects of delay
The role of context
A preliminary theory of hippocampal amnesia
Relational memory
Configural memory
Semantic encoding
Recognition memory
Working memory
Temporal buffer
Spatial memory
Interference: some initial comments
The role of the hippocampal formation in memory
9 FUNDAMENTALS OF THE SEPTO-HIPPOCAMPAL
SYSTEM
Anxiolytics and the septo-hippocampal system—an overview
The defence system
The motor/working memory system
The 'emotion' system
General approach to the septo-hippocampal system
The anatomy of the septo-hippocampal system
Long-term memory
Role of the septo-hippocampal system in sensory processing
The mismatch detection system
Aminergic gating systems
Theta activity
Conclusion
10 A THEORY OF THE SEPTO-HIPPOCAMPAL
SYSTEM
The theory: some basic assumptions
The theory: architecture
The theory: mechanism
Some scenarios
The theta rhythm
Conclusion
11 SYMPTOMS AND SYNDROMES OF ANXIETY
Cognitive effects of anxiolytic drugs
Anxiolytic action and the amygdala
Humpty Dumpty had a great fall
Anxiolytic action and the neocorte
The clinical psychology of anxiety
Behavioural aspects of anxiety syndromes
Cognitive aspects of anxiety syndromes
Physiological aspects of anxiety syndromes
The theory of anxiety
Clinical anxiety and memory
A functional typology for defence
Panic disorder
Specific phobia
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Agoraphobia
Social phobia
Generalized anxiety disorder
Obsessive—compulsive disorder
A typology of the anxiety-related disorders
Differential diagnosis
Conclusion
12 PUTTING HUMPTY DUMPTY TOGETHER
AGAIN: THE ANXIOUS PERSONALITY AND
ITS INHERITANCE
The anxious personality
Neuroticism vs. trait anxiety
The genetics of neuroticism and emotionality
13 THE TREATMENT OF ANXIETY
Behaviour therapy
Drug therapy
Cognitive-behavioural therapy
Coda