| Formatted contents note |
Part I Determining mycotoxins in food and feed<br/>1 Sampling strategies to control mycotoxins<br/>B. Maestroni and A. Cannavan, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of<br/>Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic<br/>Energy Agency (IAEA), Austria<br/>1.1 Food safety and the requirements for international food trade<br/>1.2 Principles of food and feed sampling for mycotoxin analysis<br/>1.3 International guidance on sampling food and feed for<br/>mycotoxin analysis<br/>1.4 Uncertainty estimation and designing sound sampling plans for<br/>mycotoxin analysis in food and feed<br/>1.5 Quality assurance and quality control procedures in sampling<br/>and arrival of the samples at the analytical laboratory<br/>1.6 Strengthening national food control systems<br/>1.7 Sources of further information and advice<br/>2 Sample preparation and clean up in mycotoxin analysis: principles,<br/>applications and recent developments<br/>E. Razzazi-Fazeli and E. V. Reiter, University of Vetehnaiy<br/>Medicine, Austria<br/>2.1 Introduction<br/>2.2 Methods used for extraction and clean up of mycotoxins<br/>from complex matrices<br/>2.3 Recent developments. .<br/>2.4 Conclusions<br/>2.5 Acknowledgements<br/>2.6 References<br/>3 Chromatographic separation techniques for determination of<br/>mycotoxins in food and feed<br/>G. S. Shephard, Medical Research Council, South Africa<br/>3.1 Introduction.<br/>3.2 Thin-layer chromatography in mycotoxin analysis of food<br/>and feed<br/>3.3 Gas chromatography in mycotoxin analysis of food and feed<br/>3.4 High-performance liquid chromatography in mycotoxin<br/>• analysis of food and feed<br/>3.5 Electrophoretic separations in mycotoxin analysis of food<br/>and feed<br/>3.6 Future trends<br/>3.7 Sources of further information and advice<br/>3.8 References .<br/>4 Mass spectrometry in multi-mycotoxin and fungal spore analysis .<br/>M. C. Spanjer, Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority,<br/>The Netherlands<br/>4.1 Introduction<br/>4.2 Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods<br/>in multi-mycotoxin analysis<br/>4.3 Liquid chromatographic aspects of multi-mycotoxin methods..<br/>4.4 Mass spectrometric aspects of multi-mycotoxin methods<br/>4.5 LC-MS aspects of multi-mycotoxin analysis<br/>4.6 Future trends in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry<br/>analysis<br/>4.7 Conclusions<br/>4.8 Acknowledgements<br/>4.9 References<br/>5 Immunochemical methods for rapid mycotoxin detection in food<br/>and feed .<br/>I. Y. Goryacheva, Saratov State University, Russia and S. De Saeger,<br/>Ghent University, Belgium<br/>5.1 Introduction..<br/>5.2 Antibody production and characterization<br/>5.3 Specificity of immunochemical methods for rapid mycotoxin<br/>detection in food and feed .<br/>5.4 Microtiter plate enzyme-linked immunosorhent assay for<br/>rapid mycotoxin detection in food and feed<br/>5.5 Non-instrumental rapid tests for mycotoxin detection in food<br/>and feed<br/>5.6 Conclusions and future trends .<br/>5.7 References .<br/>Part II Quality assurance and official methods for determining<br/>mycotoxins in food and feed<br/>6 Official methods and performance criteria for determining mycotoxins<br/>in food and feed .<br/>H. Z. Senyuva, FoodLife International Ltd, Turkey and J. Gilbert,<br/>FoodUfe International Ltd, UK<br/>6.1 Introduction<br/>6.2 Official control laboratories for determining mycotoxins in<br/>food and feed.<br/>6.3 Establishment of method performance criteria for determining<br/>mycotoxins in food and feed .<br/>6.4 Official methods for determining mycotoxins in food and feed<br/>6.5 Literature publications of mycotoxin validation studies<br/>6.6 Enforcement of mycotoxin regulations<br/>6.7 Confirmation of results<br/>6.8 Conclusions and future trends<br/>6.9 References .<br/>7 Ensuring the quality of results from food control laboratories:<br/>laboratory accreditation, method validation and measurement<br/>uncertainty<br/>J. O. De Beer, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels,<br/>Belgium and C. Van Poucke, Laboratoiy of Food Analysis, Faculty<br/>of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium<br/>7.1 Introduction: why accreditation can be important for<br/>laboratories<br/>7.2 Laboratory accreditation and ISO 17025<br/>7.3 Statistical method validation approach for ensuring the<br/>quality of results from food control laboratories. .<br/>7.4 Comparison of a routine method with a reference method for<br/>validating the results from food and feed control laboratories<br/>7.5 Measurement uncertainty in the results from food and feed<br/>control laboratoiMcs<br/>7.6 Conclusions and future trends .<br/>7.7 References .<br/>Part III Development and analysis of bioniarkers for mycotoxins<br/>8 Developing bioniarkers of buman exposure to mycotoxins<br/>M. N. Roiitledge and Y. Y. Gong, University of Leeds, UK<br/>8.1 Introduction to hiornarkers of exposure<br/>8.2 Bioniarkers of exposure for allatoxin . .<br/>8.3 Biornar-kers of exposure for fumonisin .<br/>8.4 Biomarkers of exposure for deoxynivalenol<br/>8.5 Summary . .<br/>8.6 References .<br/>9 Developing mechanism-based and exposure biomarkers for mycotoxins<br/>in animals<br/>R. T. Riley and K. A. Voss, United States Department of Agriculture,<br/>Agricultural Research Sendee, USA, R. A. Couloinbe, Department of<br/>Veterinaiy Sciences, Utah State University, USA, J. J. Pestka,<br/>Michigan State University, USA and D. E. Williams, Oregon State<br/>University, USA<br/>9.1 Background .<br/>9.2 Atlatoxin B, .<br/>9.3 Deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes<br/>9.4 Fumonisin . . ,<br/>9.5 Ochratoxin A ,<br/>9.6 Zearalenone .<br/>9.7 Future trends<br/>9.8 Acknowledgements .<br/>9.9 References .<br/>Part IV Determining mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed<br/>10 Rationale for a polyphasic approach in the identification of<br/>mycotoxigenic fungi<br/>J C. Frisvad, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark<br/>10.1 Introduction<br/>10.2 Mycotoxigenic fungi .<br/>10.3 Identification methods<br/>10.4 Molecular methods for identification<br/>10.5 Conclusions<br/>10.6 Acknowledgement.<br/>10.7 References<br/>11 Molecular identirication of mycoto.vigenic fungi in food and<br/>feed . . .<br/>F. Miinaut and F. Van Hove, Universite catholiqiie de Louvain,<br/>Belgium and A. Moretti, National Research Council (CNR), Italy<br/>11.1 Introduction.<br/>11.2 Polymerase chain reaction (PGR) detection and quantification<br/>using conserved genes .<br/>11.3 Polymerase chain reaction detection and quantification using<br/>anonymous DNA .sequences<br/>11.4 Polymerase chain reaction detection and quantification using<br/>mycotoxin biosynthesis pathway genes<br/>11.5 Multistep strategies<br/>11.6 Multiplex detection<br/>11.7 Polymerase chain reaction-based methods<br/>11.8 Novel technologies<br/>11.9 Conclusion and future prospects<br/>11.10 References<br/>12 Identification of genes and gene clusters involved in mycotoxin<br/>synthesis<br/>D. W. Brown, R. A. E. Butchko and R. H. Proctor, United States<br/>Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Seivice<br/>(USDA-ARS), USA<br/>12.1 Introduction.<br/>12.2 Genetic basis for secondary metabolite bio.synthesis<br/>12.3 Gene and gene cluster identification: pre-genomics .<br/>12.4 Gene and gene cluster identification: early-genomics<br/>12.5 Gene and gene cluster identification: post-genome genomics . .<br/>12.6 Future trends<br/>12.7 Acknowledgements<br/>12.8 References<br/>13 DNA barcoding of toxigenic fungi: a perspective<br/>M. Santamaria, National Research Council (CNR), Italy<br/>13.1 DNA barcode: a new opportunity to discriminate fungi species<br/>13.2 Future trends in DNA barcoding of fungi<br/>13.3 Sources of further information and advice about tbe DNA<br/>barcode ...<br/>13.4 References .<br/>Part V Emerging methods for mycotoxin analysis in food and feed<br/>14 Emerging bio-sensing methods for mycotoxin analysis<br/>/. E. Tothill, Cranfield University, UK<br/>14.1 Introduction..<br/>14.2 Bioscn.sors as diagnostics tools in mycotoxin analysis<br/>14.."^ Lab-on-a-chip for multiplex detection<br/>14.4 Nanomaterials and their u.se in biosen.sors for rnycotoxin<br/>analysis .<br/>14.5 Electronic nose method for mycotoxin analysis<br/>14.6 Future trends<br/>14.7 Conclusions . .<br/>14.8 Acknowledgements<br/>14.9 References .<br/>15 Masked mycotoxins in food and feed: challenges and analytical<br/>approaches ..<br/>J. Diana Di Mavnngn and S. De Saeger, Ghent University, Belgium<br/>15.1 Introduction.<br/>15.2 Occurrence of masked mycotoxins in food and feed<br/>15..^ Analysis of masked mycotoxins in food and feed .<br/>15.4 Conclusions<br/>15.5 References .<br/>16 Spectroscopic techniques for fungi and mycotoxins detection<br/>C. B. Singh and D. S. Jayas, University of Manitoba, Canada<br/>16.1 Introduction<br/>16.2 Spectroscopic techniques<br/>16.3 Applications<br/>16.4 Summary . .<br/>16.5 References. |
