An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology/ (Record no. 176175)
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| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 00392nam a2200145Ia 4500 |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER | |
| International Standard Book Number | 9780123848666 |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE | |
| Transcribing agency | CUS |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER | |
| Classification number | 551.515 |
| Item number | HOL/1 |
| 245 #3 - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology/ |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. | Holton, James R. |
| 250 ## - EDITION STATEMENT | |
| Edition statement | Fifth edition |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. | Amsterdam: |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. | Elsevier, |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2013. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | xvi, 532 pages |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE | |
| Formatted contents note | <br/>1. Introduction<br/>1.1 Dynamic Meteorology 1<br/>1.2 Conservation of Momentum 4<br/>1.2.1 Pressure Gradient Force 5<br/>1.2.2 Viscous Force 6<br/>1.2.3 Gravitational Force 8<br/>1.3 Noninertial Reference Frames and "Apparent" Forces 9<br/>1.3.1 Centripetal Acceleration and Centrifugal Force 10<br/>1.3.2 Gravity Revisited 11<br/>1.3.3 The Coriolis Force and the Curvature Effect 14<br/>1.3.4 Constant Angular Momentum Oscillations 17<br/>1.4 Structure of the Static Atmosphere 18<br/>1.4.1 The Hydrostatic Equation 18<br/>1.4.2 Pressure as a Vertical Coordinate 20<br/>1.4.3 A Generalized Vertical Coordinate 22<br/>1.5 Kinematics 23<br/>1.6 Scale Analysis 25<br/>Suggested References 26<br/>Problems 26<br/>Matlab Exercises 28<br/>2. Basic Conservation Laws<br/>2.1 Total Differentiation 31<br/>2.1.1 Total Differentiation ofa Vector in a Rotating System 33<br/>2.2 TheVectorial Form of the Momentum Equation In Rotating<br/>Coordinates 35<br/>2.3 Component Equations in Spherical Coordinates 37<br/>2.4 Scale Analysis of the Equations of Motion 41<br/>2.4.1 Geostrophic Approximation and Geostrophic Wind 42<br/>2.4.2 Approximate Prognostic Equations: The Rossby Number 43<br/>2.4.3 The Hydrostatic Approximation 44<br/>2.5 The Continuity Equation 45<br/>2.5.1 A Eulerian Derivation 46<br/>2.5.2 A Lagrangian Derivation 47<br/>2.5.3 Scale Analysis of the Continuity Equation 48<br/>2.6 The Thermodynamic Energy Equation 50<br/>VII<br/>(TnT)<br/>2.7 Thermodynamics of the Dry Atmosphere 53<br/>2.7.1 Potential Temperature 53<br/>2.7.2<br/>The Adiabatic Lapse Rate 54<br/>2.7.3 Static Stability 54<br/>2.7.4 Scale Analysis of the Thermodynamic Energy Equation 56<br/>2.8 The Boussinesq Approximation 57<br/>2.9 Thermodynamics of the Moist Atmosphere 58<br/>2.9.1 Equivalent Potential Temperature 59<br/>2.9.2 The Pseudoadiabatic Lapse Rate 61<br/>2.9.3 Conditional Instability 52<br/>Suggested References 54<br/>Problems 55<br/>Matlab Exercises 55<br/>3. Elementary Applications of the Basic Equations<br/>3.1 Basic Equations In Isobaric Coordinates 67<br/>3.1.1 The Horizontal Momentum Equation 67<br/>3.1.2 The Continuity Equation 53<br/>3.1.3 The Thermodynamic Energy Equation 69<br/>3.2 Balanced Flow<br/>3.2.1 Natural Coordinates 70<br/>3.2.2 Geostrophic<br/>Flow 71<br/>3.2.3 Inertial Flow 72<br/>3.2.4 Cyclostrophic Flow 73<br/>3.2.5 The Gradient Wind Approximation 74<br/>3.3 Trajectories and Streamlines 78<br/>3.4<br/>The Thermal Wind 81<br/>3.4.1 Barotropic and Baroclinic Atmospheres 84<br/>3.5 Vertical Motion 84<br/>3.5.1 The Kinematic Method 85<br/>3.5.2 The Adiabatic Method 87<br/>3.6 Surface Pressure Tendency 87<br/>Problems gg<br/>Matlab Exercises 92<br/>4. Circulation, Vorticity, and Potential Vorticity<br/>4.1 The Circulation Theorem 95<br/>4.2 Vorticity 100<br/>4.2.1 Vorticity in Natural Coordinates 102<br/>4.3 The Vorticity Equation 104<br/>4.3.1 Cartesian Coordinate Form 104<br/>4.3.2 The Vorticity Equation in Isobaric Coordinates 106<br/>4.3.3 Scale Analysis ofthe Vorticity Equation 107<br/>4.4 Potential Vorticity 110<br/>4.5 Shallow Water Equations 115<br/>4.5.1 Barotropic Potential Vorticity 118<br/>Contents<br/>Contents<br/>4.6 Ertel Potential Vorticity in Isentropic Coordinates<br/>4.6.1 Equations of Motion in Isentropic Coordinates<br/>4.6.2 The Potential Vorticity Equation<br/>4.6.3 Integral Constraints on Isentropic Vorticity<br/>Suggested References ^22<br/>Problems<br/>Matlab Exercises<br/>5. Atmospheric Oscillations<br/>5.1 The Perturbation Method<br/>5.2 Properties of Waves<br/>5.2.1 Fourier Series<br/>5.2.2 Dispersion and Group Velocity<br/>5.2.3 Wave Properties in Two and Three Dimensions<br/>5.2.4 AWave Solution Strategy<br/>5.3 Simple WaveTypes<br/>5.3.1 Acoustic or SoundWaves<br/>5.3.2 Shallow Water Waves<br/>5.4 Internal Gravity (Buoyancy) Waves<br/>5.4.1 Pure Internal Gravity Waves<br/>5.5 Linear Waves of a Rotating Stratified Atmosphere<br/>5.5.1 Pure Inertial Oscillations<br/>5.5.2 Rossby and Inertia-Gravity Waves<br/>5.6 Adjustment to Geostrophic Balance<br/>5.7 Rossby Waves '<br/>5.7.1 Free Barotropic Rossby Waves<br/>5.7.2 Forced Topographic Rossby Waves<br/>Suggested References ^<br/>Problems<br/>Matlab Exercises<br/>6. Quasi-geostrophic Analysis<br/>6.1 The Observed Structure ofExtratroplcal Circulations<br/>6.2 Derivation ofthe Quasi-Geostrophic Equations<br/>6.2.1 Preliminaries<br/>6.3 Potential Vorticity Derivation ofthe QG Equations<br/>6.4 Potential Vorticity Thinking . • ia«<br/>6.4.1 PV Inversion, Induced Flow, and Piecewise nversion<br/>6.4.2 PV Conservation and the QG "Height Tendency" Equation 194<br/>6.5 Vertical Motion (w) Thinking<br/>6.6 Idealized Model of a Baroclinic Disturbance<br/>6.7 Isobaric Form of the QG Equations<br/>Suggested References<br/>Problems<br/>Matlab Exercises<br/>QD<br/>120<br/>120<br/>121<br/>121<br/>122<br/>124<br/>127<br/>128<br/>130<br/>131<br/>133<br/>135<br/>136<br/>136<br/>139<br/>144<br/>145<br/>150<br/>150<br/>152<br/>156<br/>159<br/>171<br/>178<br/>181<br/>183<br/>187<br/>197<br/>204<br/>206<br/>208<br/>210<br/>CZ) Contents<br/>7. Baroclinic Development<br/>7.1 Hydrodynamic Instability 213<br/>7.2 Normal Mode Baroclinic Instability; ATwo-Layer Model 215<br/>7.2.1 Linear Perturbation Analysis 217<br/>7.2.2 Vertical Motion in Baroclinic Waves 223<br/>7.3 The Energetics of Baroclinic Waves 227<br/>7.3.1 Available Potential Energy 227<br/>7.3.2 Energy Equations for the Two-Layer Model 229<br/>7.4 Baroclinic Instability of a Continuously Stratified Atmosphere 234<br/>7.4.1 Log-Pressure Coordinates 235<br/>7.4.2 Baroclinic Instability: The Rayleigh Theorem 237<br/>7.4.3 The Eady Stability Problem 241<br/>7.5 Growth and Propagation of Neutral Modes 245<br/>7.5.1 Transient Growth of Neutral Waves 247<br/>7.5.2 Downstream Development 250<br/>Suggested References 251<br/>Problems 251<br/>Matlab Exercises 253<br/>8. The Planetary Boundary Layer<br/>8.1 Atmospheric Turbulence 256<br/>8.1.1 Reynolds Averaging 256<br/>8.2 Turbulent Kinetic Energy 259<br/>8.3 Planetary Boundary Layer Momentum Equations 261<br/>8.3.1 Well-Mixed Boundary Layer 262<br/>8.3.2 The Flux-Gradient Theory 264<br/>8.3.3 The Mixing Length Hypothesis 264<br/>8.3.4 The Ekman Layer 266<br/>8.3.5 The Surface<br/>Layer 268<br/>8.3.6 The Modified Ekman Layer 269<br/>8.4 Secondary Circulations and Spin Down 270<br/>Suggested References 275<br/>Problems 275<br/>Matlab Exercises 276<br/>9. Mesoscale Circulations<br/>9.1 Energy Sources for Mesoscale Circulations 279<br/>9.2 Fronts and Frontogenesis 280<br/>9.2.1 The Kinematics of Frontogenesis 281<br/>9.2.2 Semigeostrophic Theory 285<br/>9.2.3 Cross-Frontal Circulation 287<br/>9.3 Symmetric Baroclinic Instability 290<br/>9.4 Mountain Waves 294<br/>9.4.1 Wavesover Sinusoidal Topography 294<br/>9.4.2 Flow over Isolated Ridges 297<br/>Contents<br/>9.4.3 Lee Waves<br/>9.4.4 Downslope Windstorms 299<br/>9.5 Cumulus Convection<br/>9.5.1 Convective Available Potential Energy 302<br/>9.5.2 Entrainment<br/>9.6 Convective Storms<br/>9.6.1 Development of Rotation in Supercell Thunderstorms 306<br/>9.6.2 The Right-Moving Storm 310<br/>9.7 Hurricanes<br/>9.7.1 Dynamics of Mature Hurricanes 314<br/>9.7.2 Hurricane Development 318<br/>Suggested References<br/>Problems ^22<br/>Matlab Exercises<br/>10. The General Circulation<br/>10.1 The Nature of the Problem 326<br/>10.2 The Zonally Averaged Circulation 32«<br/>10.2.1 The Conventional Eulerian Mean 3JU<br/>10.2.2 The Transformed Eulerian Mean 337<br/>10^2.3 The Zonal-Mean Potential Vorticity Equation<br/>10.3 The Angular Momentum Budget<br/>10.3.1 Sigma Coordinates<br/>10.3.2 The Zonal-Mean Angular Momentum<br/>10.4 The Lorenz EnergyCycle<br/>10.5 Longitudinally Dependent Time-Averaged Flow<br/>10.5.1 Stationary Rossby Waves<br/>10.5.2 Jet Stream and Storm Tracks<br/>10.6 Low-Frequency Variability<br/>10.6.1 Climate Regimes<br/>10.6.2 Annular Modes<br/>10.6.3 Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies<br/>10.7 Numerical Simulation of the General Circulation<br/>10.7.1 Dynamical Formulation<br/>10.7.2 Physical Processes and Parameterizations<br/>10.8 Climate Sensitivity, Feedbacks, and Uncertainty<br/>11.1.5 The Walker Circulation 389<br/>n .1.6 El Nino and the Southern Oscillation 390<br/>11.1.7 Equatorial Intraseasonal Oscillation 392<br/>11.2 Scale Analysis of Large-Scale Tropical Motions 392<br/>11.3 Condensation Heating 398<br/>11.4 Equatorial Wave Theory 401<br/>11.4.1 Equatorial Rossby and Rossby-Gravity Modes 401<br/>11.4.2 Equatorial Kelvin Waves 404<br/>11.5 Steady Forced Equatorial Motions 406<br/>Suggested References 409<br/>Problems 409<br/>Matlab Exercises 410<br/>12. Middle Atmosphere Dynamics<br/>12.1 Structure and Circulation of the Middle Atmosphere 413<br/>12.2 The Zonal-Mean Circulation of the Middle Atmosphere 417<br/>12.2.1 Lagrangian Motion of Air Parcels 418<br/>12.2.2 The Transformed Eulerian Mean 420<br/>12.2.3 Zonal-Mean Transport 424<br/>12.3 Vertically Propagating Planetary Waves 426<br/>12.3.1 Linear Rossby Waves 426<br/>12.3.2 Rossby Wave Breaking 428<br/>12.4 Sudden Stratospheric Warmings 430<br/>12.5 Waves in the Equatorial Stratosphere 435<br/>12.5.1 Vertically Propagating Kelvin Waves 436<br/>12.5.2 Vertically Propagating Rossby-Gravity Waves 437<br/>12.5.3 Observed Equatorial Waves 438<br/>12.6 The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation 44O<br/>12.7 Trace Constituent Transport 446<br/>12.7.1 Dynamical Tracers 446<br/>12.7.2 Chemical Tracers 447<br/>12.7.3 Transport in the Stratosphere 448<br/>Suggested References 45O<br/>Problems 45O<br/>Matlab Exercises 452<br/>13. Numerical Modeling and Prediction<br/>13.1 Historical Background 453<br/>13.2 Numerical Approximation of the Equations of Motion 455<br/>13.2.1 Finite Differences 455<br/>13.2.2 Centered Differences: Explicit Time Differencing 457<br/>13.2.3 Computational Stability 458<br/>13.2.4 Implicit Time Differencing 45O<br/>13.2.5 The Semi-Lagrangian Integration Method 462<br/>13.2.6 Truncation Error 453<br/>13.3 The Barotropic Vorticity Equation In Finite Differences 464<br/>Contents GiD<br/>13.4 The Spectral Method<br/>13.4.1 The Barotropic Vorticity Equation in Spherical Coordinates 468<br/>13.4.2 Rossby-Haurwitz Waves 470<br/>13.4.3 The Spectral Transform Method 471<br/>13.5 Primitive Equation Models 472<br/>13.5.1 Spectral Models 473<br/>13.5.2 Physical Parameterizations 474<br/>13.6 Data Assimilation<br/>13.6.1 Data Assimilation for a Single Variable 476<br/>13.6.2 Data Assimilation for Many Variables 479<br/>13.7 Predictability and Ensemble Forecasting 481<br/>Suggested References<br/>Problems<br/>Matlab Exercises<br/>Appendices<br/>A. Useful Constants and Parameters 491<br/>B. List of Symbols<br/>C. Vector Analysis<br/>C.1 Vector Identities ^<br/>C.2 Integral Theorems ^<br/>C.3 Vector Operations in Various Coordinate Systems<br/>D. Moisture Variables<br/>D.1 Equivalent Potential Temperature<br/>D.2 Pseudo Adiabatic Lapse Rate<br/>E. Standard Atmosphere Data<br/>F. Symmetric Baroclinic Oscillations<br/>C. Conditional Probability and Likelihood 511<br/> |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Koha item type | General Books |
| Withdrawn status | Lost status | Damaged status | Not for loan | Home library | Current library | Shelving location | Date acquired | Full call number | Accession number | Date last seen | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central Library, Sikkim University | Central Library, Sikkim University | Science Library General Section | 29/08/2016 | 551.515 HOL/1 | P31175 | 29/08/2016 | General Books Science Library |