| Formatted contents note |
Part I. Introduction<br/>1. Introduction and overview, by Kym Anderson and Johan Swinnen<br/>Part II. Eastern Europe<br/>2. New EU member countries, by Pavel Ciaian and Johan Swinnen<br/>3. Turkey, by Alison Burrell and Marianne Kurzweil<br/>Part III. Commonwealth of Independent States<br/>4. Russia, by Bill Liefert and Olga Liefert<br/>5. Ukraine, by Stephan von Cramon-Taubadel, Oleg Nivyevski, Emanuel Elsner von der Malsburg and Veronika Movchan <br/>6. Kazakhstan, by Richard Pomfret<br/>7. Kyrgyz Republic, by Garry Christensen and Richard Pomfret <br/>8. Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, by Richard Pomfret<br/>Appendix 1: Economic and trade indicators for the ECA region, 1990 to 2004, by Damiano Sandri, Ernesto Valenzuela and Kym Anderson<br/>Appendix 2: Methodology for measuring distortions to agricultural incentives, by Kym Anderson, Marianne Kurzweil, Will Martin, Damiano Sandri and Ernesto Valenzuela<br/> Index<br/> Figures<br/>Figure 1.1: Nominal rates of assistance to agriculture, ECA countries, 1992 to 2005<br/>Figure 1.2: Nominal rates of assistance to agriculture, individual ECA countries, 2000-03<br/>Figure 1.3: Nominal rates of assistance, by product, ECA countries, 1992-95 and 2000-03<br/>Figure 1.4: Applied weighted average tariffs, CEE countries, 2001-03<br/>Figure 1.5: Relative rates of assistance to agriculture, ECA countries, 1992-95 and 2000-03<br/>Figure 1.6: Net exports as a ratio of the sum of exports and imports of agricultural and food products, ECA countries, 1996 to 2004<br/>Figure 2.1: Crop and livestock output changes, CEE-10, 1989 to 2000<br/>Figure 2.2: Sectoral output changes, CEE-10, 1990 to 2001<br/>Figure 2.3: Agricultural trade, CEE-10, 1989 to 2004<br/>Figure 2.4: Nominal rates of assistance to exportable, import-competing and all agricultural industries, CEE-10, 1992 to 2003<br/>Figure 2.5: Nominal rate of assistance to agriculture, CEE-10 countries, 2000<br/>Figure 2.6: Nominal rates of assistance to various agricultural industries, CEE-10, 2000<br/>Figure 2.7: Nominal rates of assistance to agricultural and non-agricultural tradable sectors, and relative rate of assistance, CEE-10, 1992 to 2003<br/>Figure 3.1: Agricultural trade, Turkey, 1961 to 2005<br/>Figure 3.2: Agricultural producer support estimates, Turkey, 1986 to 2005<br/>Figure 3.3: Nominal rates of assistance to exportable, import-competing and total agriculture, Turkey, 1961 to 2005<br/>Figure 3.4: Relative rate of assistance to primary agriculture, Turkey, 1961 to 2005<br/>Figure 3.5: Nominal rates of assistance including and excluding product-specific and non-product-specific (NPS) support, Turkey, 1986 to 2005<br/>Figure 4.1: Nominal rates of producer assistance and consumer tax equivalents, Soviet Union, 1986<br/>Figure 4.2: Changes in output during transition, Russia, 1990 to 2004<br/>Figure 4.3: Nominal rate of assistance for agricultural importables and exportables, Russia, 1992 to 2005<br/>Figure 4.4: Decomposition of nominal assistance to agricultural producers, Russia, 1992 to 2005<br/>Figure 4.5: Agricultural price gaps and tariffs, Russia, 1992 to 2003<br/>Figure 4.6: Foreign exchange rate, agricultural producer assistance, and producer prices, Russia, 1991 to 2003<br/>Figure 4.7: Relative rate of assistance to agriculture, Russia, 1992 to 2005<br/>Figure 5.1: Gross agricultural output by farm type, Ukraine, 1990 to 2005<br/>Figure 5.2: Nominal rates of assistance to agriculture, Ukraine, 1992 to 2005<br/>Figure 5.3: Nominal rates of assistance to agriculture and non-agriculture, and relative rate of assistance, Ukraine, 1992 to 2005<br/>Figure 5.4: The composition of farm producer support, Ukraine, 1992 to 2005<br/>Figure 5.5: Wheat prices, Ukraine and the international market, 2000 to 2006<br/>Figure 6.1: Nominal rate of assistance for key agricultural productsa, Kazakhstan, 2000 to 2004<br/>Figure 7.1: Macroeconomic performance, Kyrgyz Republic, 1993 to 2005<br/>Figure 7.2: Nominal rates of assistance for key agricultural products,a Kyrgyz Republic, 1993 to 2004<br/>Figure 8.1: International price of cotton, 1990 to 2005<br/>Figure 8.2: The market for cotton in Uzbekistan<br/>Figure A2.1: The domestic market for foreign currency <br/> Tables<br/>Table 1.1: Key economic and trade indicators, ECA countries, 2000-04 <br/>Table 1.2: Memberships of international organization, ECA countries, 1993 to 2004<br/>Table 1.3: Growth of real GDP, ECA countries, 1990 to 2004<br/>Table 1.4: Sectoral shares of GDP, ECA countries, 1992 to 2004<br/>Table 1.5: Agriculture¿s shares of employment, ECA countries, 1992 to 2003<br/>Table 1.6: Sectoral shares of merchandise exports, ECA countries, 1995 and 2004<br/>Table 1.7: Index of revealed comparative advantage in agriculture and processed food, ECA countries, 1995 and 2004<br/>Table 1.8: Exports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP, ECA countries, 1995 and 2004<br/>Table 1.9: Nominal rates of assistance to agriculture, ECA countries, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 1.10: Status of agricultural price and market reforms in ECA countries, 1997 to 2002<br/>Table 1.11: Trade bias index, ECA countries, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 1.12: Standard deviation of nominal rates of assistance to agriculture, ECA countries, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 1.13: Relative rates of assistance to agriculture, CEECs and other ECA countries, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 1.14: Consumer tax equivalents for food products, ECA countries, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 1.15: Relative per capita income, agricultural comparative advantage index, and nominal and relative rates of assistance to agriculture, ECA countries, 2000-03<br/>Table 1.16: Growth in cotton area and production, and seed cotton price, Central Asia, 1993 to 2003<br/>Table 2.1: Real agricultural income per annual work unit in CEE-10 after EU accession<br/>Table 2.2: Nominal rates of assistance to agricultural industries, CEE-10, 1992 to 2003<br/>Table 2.3: Nominal rates of assistance to agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, and relative rate of assistance, CEE-10, 1992 to 2003<br/>Table 2.4: Consumer tax equivalent for food products, CEE-10 countries, 1992 to 2003<br/>Table 2.5: Political economy regression results, CEE-10 countries<br/>Table 3.1: Direct income support scheme, Turkey, 2001 to 2005<br/>Table 3.2: Nominal rates of assistance to agricultural industries, Turkey, 1961 to 2005<br/>Table 3.3: Nominal rates of assistance to agriculture, to non-agricultural sectors, and relative rate of assistance, Turkey, 1961 to 2005<br/>Table 3.4: Summary of influences on the agricultural and food sectors of Turkey<br/>Table 3.5: Consumer tax equivalent for food products, Turkey, 1986 to 2005<br/>Table 4.1: Importance of the agro-food sector in the economy, Russia 1990 and 2003<br/>Table 4.2: Nominal and relative rates of assistance to agricultural producers, Russia, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 4.3: Nominal rates of assistance to agricultural producers, by commodity, Russia, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 4.4: Agricultural trade, Russia, 1992 to 2004<br/>Table 4.5: Changes in real agricultural producer prices, Russia, 1994 to 2002<br/>Table 4.6: Consumer tax equivalents for various foods, Russia, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 5.1: Major economic indicators and production of key agricultural products, Ukraine, 1960 to 2005<br/>Table 5.2: Sectoral tariffs and non-tariff indices, Ukraine, 1993 to 2004<br/>Table 5.3: Nominal rates of assistance and fiscal support for agriculture, Ukraine, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 5.4: Nominal rates of assistance for agricultural and non-agricultural products, Ukraine, 1992 to 2005 <br/>Table 5.5: Tax equivalents on prices paid for inputs into agricultural production, Ukraine, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 5.6: Consumer tax equivalents for various foods, Ukraine, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 5.7: Economic indicators for agriculture and food processing, Ukraine, 2000 to 2005<br/>Table 6.1: Production of key agricultural products, Kazhakstan, 1980 to 2005<br/>Table 6.2: Exports of key agricultural products, Kazakhstan, 1995 to 2004<br/>Table 6.3: Value of agricultural exports and imports, by sub-sector, Kazakhstan, 2003<br/>Table 6.4: Inventory of livestock by farm type, Kazakhstan, 1990 to 2002<br/>Table 6.5: Budget transfers to agriculture, Kazakhstan, 2000 to 2005<br/>Table 6.6: Import tariffs on agricultural products, Kazakhstan, 1996 to 1997<br/>Table 6.7: Status of WTO accession negotiations for Kazakhstan, 1996 to 2005<br/>Table 6.8: Nominal rate of assistance for wheat, Kazakhstan, 2000 to 2004<br/>Table 6.9: Relative producer prices for wheat, rice and cotton lint, Kazakhstan, 1994 to 2002<br/>Table 6.10: Nominal rate of assistance estimates for major agricultural products, Kazakhstan, 2000 to 2004<br/>Table 6.11: Sensitivity analysis of assistance estimates, key agricultural products, Kazakhstan, 2000 to 2004<br/>Table 7.1: Land resources and population, by oblast, Kyrgyz Republic, 1995 and 2001<br/>Table 7.2: Basic economic and agricultural indicators, Kyrgyz Republic, 1992 to 2004 <br/>Table 7.3: Output growth and inflation, Kyrgyz Republic, 1991 to 2006<br/>Table 7.4: Gross value of agricultural output, Kyrgyz Republic, 1990 and 2004<br/>Table 7.5: Budget expenditure for agriculture and water resources, Kyrgyz Republic, 1993 to 2004<br/>Table 7.6: Nominal rate of assistance for wheat, Kyrgyz Republic, 2000 to 2004<br/>Table 7.7: Nominal rate of assistance for cotton, Kyrgyz Republic, 2000 to 2004<br/>Table 7.8: Nominal rates of assistance, key agricultural products, Kyrgyz Republic, 1993 to 2004<br/>Table 8.1: Demographic and economic indicators, Central Asia, 2003<br/>Table 8.2: Farmland resources, Central Asia, 1999<br/>Table 8.3: Macroeconomic performance, Central Asia, 1989 to 2006<br/>Table 8.4: Cotton area harvested and output, Central Asia, 1992 to 2003<br/>Table 8.5: Cotton output, Central Asia, 2004/5 season<br/>Table 8.6: Output price for cotton, 1997 and 2003<br/>Table 8.7: Cost of plant nutrients, Central Asia, mid-1990s<br/>Table 8.8: Output of key crops and stocks of animals, Central Asia, 1992 to 2005<br/>Table 8.9: Estimated transfers out of agriculture, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, 1990s<br/>Table 8.10: Cotton producer taxes and subsidies, Uzbekistan 2000 to 2004<br/>Table 8.11: Cotton taxes and subsidies, Uzbekistan, 2004 |
