A text book of research methodology (Record no. 1182)
[ view plain ]
| 000 -LEADER | |
|---|---|
| fixed length control field | 19963nam a2200145 4500 |
| 020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER | |
| International Standard Book Number | 9788127241728 |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE | |
| Transcribing agency | CUS |
| 082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER | |
| Classification number | 001.42 |
| Item number | SWA/T |
| 100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME | |
| Personal name | Swain, A.K.P.C. |
| 245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT | |
| Title | A text book of research methodology |
| Statement of responsibility, etc. | A.K.P.C. Swain |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) | |
| Place of publication, distribution, etc. | Ludhiana : |
| Name of publisher, distributor, etc. | Kalyani , |
| Date of publication, distribution, etc. | 2007. |
| 300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION | |
| Extent | 754 p. |
| 505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE | |
| Formatted contents note | 1. INTRODUCTION<br/>Science and Scientific Method<br/>1.2 What is Research ?<br/>1.2.1 Characteristics of Research<br/>1.2.2 Research and Scientific Method<br/>1.2.3 Purpose of Research<br/>1.2.4 Rationale of Research<br/>1.2.5 Significance of Research<br/>1.2.6 Desiderata of a Good Research<br/>1.3 Kinds of Research<br/>1.4 Types of Research<br/>1.5 Research Methods and Research Methodology<br/>1.6 Research Design<br/>1.7 Ethics in Research<br/>1.8 Different Approaches to Research<br/>1.8.1 Scientific and Non-sclentlflc Approaches.<br/>1.8.2 Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches<br/>1.9 Management Research<br/>1.9.1 Meaning and Significance of Management Research<br/>1.9.2 Nature and scope of Business Research<br/>1.9.3 Types of Business Research Studies<br/>1.9.4 Limitations of Business Research.<br/>1.9.5 The Manager-Researcher Relationship.<br/>1.10 Foundations-Basic Concepts and Connections<br/>1.10.1 Concepts<br/>1.10.2 Constructs<br/>1.10.3 Definitions<br/>1.10.4 Variables<br/>1.10.5 Measurement<br/>1.10.6 Levels of Measurement<br/>1.10.7 Validity and Reliability<br/>1.10.8 Types of data<br/>1.10.9 Deduction and Induction<br/>1.10.10 Unit of Analysis<br/>1.10.11 Concept Mapping<br/>EXERCISES<br/>2. THE RESEARCH PROCESS<br/>2.1 Introduction<br/>2.2 Components of Research Study<br/>2.3 Research Planning<br/>2.3.1 Basic Steps In a Research Plan<br/>2.4 The Sponsor/manager Research Question Hierarchy<br/>2.5 Review of Literature<br/>2.5.1 Need for the Literature Review<br/>2.6 Research Problem<br/>2.6.1. What Is a Reaearch Problem ?<br/>2.6.2 Identification of a Problem<br/>2.6.3 Formulation of Research Problems<br/>• Qualitative Research Problems<br/>• Quantitative Research Problem<br/>2.6.4 Origin of Research Problem<br/>2.6.5 Statement of the Problem<br/>2.6.6 Some Common Mistakes In problem-formulation<br/>2.6.7 Evaluation of a proposed Research Problem<br/>2.6.8 Check List for testing the feasibility of the Research problem<br/>2.7 The Research Question<br/>2.7.1 Types of Questions<br/>2.8 The Hypothesis<br/>2.8.1 Definition Hypothesis<br/>2.8.2 The Role of Hypothesis<br/>2.8.3 Nature of H}rpothesls<br/>2.8.4 Types of Hypothesis<br/>2.8.5 liieory and Hypothesis<br/>2.8.6 Deductive and Inductive Hypothesis<br/>2.8.7 Difference between Hypothesis and Problem<br/>2.8.8 What Is a Good HypoUiesls ?<br/>2.8.9 What Is a Research hypothesis ?<br/>2.8.10 Scientific Hypothesis versus Statistical Hypothels<br/>2.8.11 Research Hypothesis and null Hypothesis<br/>2.8.12 Formulation of Hypothesis<br/>2.8.13 Generation of Research Hypothesis.<br/>2.8.14 Testing the Hypothesis<br/>2.8.15 Theory and Model<br/>2.9 Research Objectives<br/>2.10 Research Methods<br/>2.10.1 Qualitative Research<br/>2.10.2 Quantitative Research<br/>2.10.3 Basic difference between Quantitative and Qualitative Research<br/>Methods<br/>2.10.4 Some selected Research Methods<br/>Descriptive Research<br/>Exploratory Research<br/>Action Research<br/>Historical Research<br/>Case Studies<br/>Ethnographic Research<br/>Survey Research<br/>Observation Research<br/>Field Research<br/>Correlational Research<br/>Ex. post-facto Research<br/>Experimental Research<br/>Evaluation Research.<br/>2.11 The Research Proposal<br/>2.11.1 Types of Research Proposals<br/>2.11.2 Structure of a Research Proposal<br/>2.11.3 Common Mistakes in Proposal Writing.<br/>2.11.4 Ethics in Business Research<br/>2.11.5 Steps in Conducting Research<br/>EXERCISES<br/>3. RESEARCH DESIGN<br/>3.1 What is a Research Design ?<br/>3.2 , Need for Research Design<br/>3.3 Structure of a Research Design<br/>3.4 Classification of Research Designs.<br/>3.5 Characteristics of a good Research Design<br/>3.6 Formulation of a Research Design<br/>3.7 Research Design Versus Research Method<br/>3.8 Quantitative and Qualitative Research (Are they designs or methods ?)<br/>3.9 Basic Research Designs<br/>3.9.1 Exploratory Research<br/>• Secondary data Analysis<br/>• Experience Surveys<br/>The Focus Group<br/>• Case Studies , ,<br/>3.9.2 Conclusive Research<br/>• Descriptive Research<br/>• Causal Research ,<br/>3.9.3 Research Design : a sceptical Approch to Research<br/>3.9.4 Research Design : Plausible Rlvsil (Hypothesis.<br/>EXERCISES<br/>4. MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS AND SCALING<br/>TECHNIQUES<br/>4.1 What Is measurement ?<br/>4.2 Data types and measurement scales.<br/>4.3 Sources of measurement error<br/>4.4 Characteristics of good measurement<br/>• Reliability and validity<br/>• Practicality<br/>4.5 Selection of Measurement Scales<br/>4.5.1 Response Methods<br/>• Rating Scale<br/>• Ranking Scale<br/>4.5.2 Measurement Scale Construction<br/>• Arbitrary Scaling<br/>• Consensus Scaling<br/>• Item Analysis Scaling<br/>• Cumulative Scaling<br/>• Factor Scaling<br/>4.6 A Comparison of Scaling Techniques .and their construction<br/>4.6.1 Comparative Scales<br/>4.6.2 Non-Comparative Scales<br/>4.7 Non-Comparative Itemized Rating Scale Decisions<br/>4.8 Choosing an Approporlate Scale<br/>4.9 Advanced Scaling Techniques<br/>EXERCISES<br/>5. SOURCES AND METHODS OF COLLECTION<br/>OF DATA<br/>5.1 Sources of Data<br/>5.1.1 Prlmaiy Sources<br/>5.1.2 Secondary Sources<br/>5.1.3 Tertiary Sources<br/>5.2 Secondary Data<br/>• Advantages<br/>• Disadvantages<br/>• Internal data sources<br/>• External data sources<br/>5.2.1 Exploring Secondary Data<br/>5.2.2 Searching a Bibliographic Database<br/>5.2.3 Searching the World Wide Web<br/>5.2.4 Search Engine<br/>• Challenges faced by search engines<br/>• How search engines work ?<br/>• Categories of search engines<br/>• Vertical search engines<br/>Data Mining<br/>• Data warehouse architecture<br/>• Data storage methods<br/>• Advantages of using data warehouses<br/>• Concerns in using data warehouses<br/>• Data Mining<br/>• Data Mining Techniques<br/>5.2.6 Government Publications<br/>Primary Data<br/>5.3.1 Qualitative Research Techniques<br/>The Experience Survey<br/>The Case Study<br/>The Pilot Study<br/>In-Depth Interview<br/>The Focus Group<br/>Brain Storming<br/>Panels<br/>Consumer Panels<br/>The Nominal Group Technique<br/>The Delphi Method<br/>Projectlve Techniques<br/>5.3.2 Quantitative Research Techniques<br/>A. Observation technique<br/>The Observer—^Participant Relationship<br/>How to conduct an observational study ?<br/>Classification of observation methods<br/>Content specification of observations<br/>Who should be an observer ?<br/>Data Collection<br/>Advantages of the observational Methods<br/>Limitations of the observational Methods<br/>B. Survey Techniques<br/>Telephone —<br/>Personal Interviewing<br/>Nature of Interview<br/>The Interviewer's task<br/>Instrument for participant communication<br/>Objectives of a Questionnaire<br/>Design process for a questionnaire<br/>Question Structure<br/>Types of Questions<br/>Question Content<br/>Question Wording<br/>Response Strategy<br/>Logical Order and Sequencing<br/>Selecting an optimal method<br/>Outsourcing<br/>C. Experimentation<br/>What are experiments ?<br/>What Is causality ?<br/>What Is an experimental design ?<br/>Advantages of experiment^<br/>Disadvantages<br/>Steps for conducting an experiment<br/>Validity In experimentation<br/>Extraneous variables<br/>Control of Extraneous variables<br/>Experimental Research Designs<br/>Quasi-experimental Designs<br/>Time Series Design<br/>Multiple Time Series Design<br/>Statistical Designs<br/>Basic Principles of Design of Experiments<br/>Selection of an Experimental Design<br/>Completely Randomised Design<br/>Randomised Block Design<br/>Latin Square Design<br/>Factorial Experiments<br/>Laboratory experiments Vrs Field experiments<br/>Limitations of experimentation<br/>EXERCISES<br/>6. PROCESSING OF DATA<br/>(DATA PREPARATION AND PRESENTATION)<br/>6.1 Introduction<br/>6.2 Editing<br/>6.3 Codl^ig<br/>6.4 Data Entry Formats<br/>6.5 Condensation/Summarization of Data<br/>6.5.1<br/>6.5.2<br/>6.5.3<br/>6.5.4<br/>Classification of data<br/>• Advantages of Classification<br/>• Kinds of Classification<br/>Seriation of Data<br/>Tabulation<br/>• Salient features of a Table<br/>• Types of Table<br/>Graphical Representation of Data<br/>• Techniques of Construction<br/>• Types of Graphs :<br/>• Time series graph<br/>• Two variables graph<br/>• Frequency graph<br/>—Histogram<br/>—Frequency polygon<br/>6.5.5<br/>EXERCISES<br/>—Frequency curve<br/>—Cumulative frequency graph<br/>• Classiflcation of graphs according to scales<br/>Diagrammatic Representation of Data<br/>• Types of Diagrams<br/>• Bar Diagrams<br/>• Area and Volume Diagrams<br/>• Angular or Pie Diagram<br/>• Pictorial Diagrams<br/>• Statistical Maps<br/>• Choosing a Diagram<br/>7. BASIC DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS<br/>7.4<br/>7.1 Introduction<br/>7.2 Rate, Ratio and Proportion<br/>7.3 Measures of central tendency<br/>Arithmetic Mean<br/>Median<br/>Mode<br/>Geometric Mean and Harmonic Mean<br/>Measures of Dispersion<br/>Variance<br/>Standard Deviation<br/>Mean Absolute Deviation<br/>Range<br/>Mean difference<br/>Quartlle Deviation<br/>Relative Measures of Dispersion<br/>7.5 Computation of statistical derivatives from frequency distribution<br/>7.5.1 Measures of Central tendency/location<br/>Arithmetic Mean<br/>Weighted Arithmetic Mean<br/>Median<br/>Mode<br/>Comparison of Arithmetic Mean, Median and Mode<br/>Geometric mean<br/>Harmonic Mean<br/>7.5.2 Measures of dispersion<br/>Variance<br/>Standard Deviation<br/>Mean Absolute Deviation<br/>Quartlle Deviation<br/>Glnl's Coefllclent of concentration<br/>Lorenz Curve<br/>7.5.3 Measures of Shape (Skewness and Kurtosls)<br/>7.6 Exploratory data analysis<br/>7.6.1 The Stem and Leaf Plot<br/>7.6.2 The Box Plot<br/>EXERCISES<br/>8. ELEMENTS OF PROBABILITY THEORY AND<br/>PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS<br/>8.1 Introduction<br/>• Sample space<br/>• Random E^xperlment<br/>• An event<br/>8.2 Definition of Probability<br/>8.2.1 Classical definition<br/>8.2.2 Axiomatic definition<br/>8.2.3 Empirical/statistical definition<br/>8.2.4 Determination of weights attached to the sample points in the<br/>sample space.<br/>8.3 Probability Laws<br/>8.3.1 Additive Law of Probability<br/>8.3.2 Conditional Probability<br/>8.3.3 Multiplicative Law of Probabilily<br/>8.3.4 Statistical Independence<br/>8.4 Bayes Rule<br/>8.5 Random Variable<br/>8.5.1 Discrete random variable and probability distribution<br/>8.5.2 Continuous random variable and probability distribution.<br/>8.5.3 Expected value and variance<br/>8.6 Important Discrete Probability Distributions<br/>8.6.1 Binomial distribution<br/>8.6.2 Poisson distribution<br/>8.7 Normal distribution<br/>8.7.1 Application of normal distribution<br/>8.7.2 Normal approximation to Binomial distribution<br/>8.7.3 Normal approximation to Poisson distribution<br/>8.8 Independence of random variables<br/>8.9 Expectation of sum and product of two independent random variables<br/>8.10 The weak law of large numbers<br/>8.11 Central limit theorem<br/>EXERCISES<br/>9. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES<br/>9.1 What is a survey ?<br/>9.2 Population and sample<br/>9.2.1 When is a census appropriate ?<br/>9.2.2 When is a smaple study appropriate ?<br/>9.2.3 Sampling unit<br/>9.2.4 Sampling frame<br/>9.2.5 Target population and survey population<br/>9.2.6 Purpose of sampling<br/>9.2.7 Prolaabillty (Random) sampling and Non-probability sampling<br/>9.2.8 Steps in sampling<br/>9.2.9 Major steps in a Sample Survey.<br/>9.3 Errors in sample surveys<br/>9.3.1 Sampling Error<br/>• Accuracy and Precision<br/>9.3.2 Non-Sampling Errors<br/>• Observation Errors<br/>• Errors due to Interviewers<br/>• Errors due to respondents<br/>• Detection of Response Errors<br/>• Control and Measurement of Response Errors<br/>• Non-response Errors<br/>• Magnitude of Non^response and its Control<br/>• Errors in Coverage<br/>• Processing Errors<br/>• Reporting Errors<br/>• Systematic Errors Vrs. Variable Errors<br/>9.3.3 Effect of Sample Size on Errors in Sampling<br/>9.3.4 Determination of sample size.<br/>9.4 Types of Probability Sampling Designs<br/>• Simple Random Sampling<br/>• Stratified Random Sampling<br/>• Systematic Sampling<br/>• Cluster Sampling<br/>• Multistage Sampling<br/>• Double Sampling<br/>• Multiphase Sampling<br/>• Inverse Sampling<br/>• Unequal probability sampling<br/>9.5 Types of Non-probability/Non-random sampling<br/>• Purposive Sampling<br/>• Judgement Sampling<br/>• Convenience Sampling<br/>• Quota Sampling<br/>• Modal Instance Sampling<br/>• Expert Sampling<br/>• Snowball Sampling<br/>9.6 Basic Sampling Designs<br/>9.6.1 Simple Random Sampling<br/>• Method of drawing a simple random sample<br/>• Estimation of Population Means and Total<br/>• Estimation of sample size<br/>• Estimation of proportion<br/>9.6.2. Stratified Sampling<br/>• Estimation of Population Mean/Total<br/>• Allocation of sample to different strata<br/>9.6.3 Systematic Sampling<br/>9.6.4 Cluster Sampling<br/>9.6.5 Two stage sampling<br/>EXERCISES<br/>10. PARAMETRIC STATISTICAL INFERENCE<br/>(Problems of Estimation and H3npothesis<br/>Testing) 355—411<br/>10.1 Introduction<br/>10.2 Problems of Estimation<br/>"• Point estimation<br/>• Interval estimation<br/>10.2.1 Estimation of Population Mean<br/>• Infinite Population<br/>• Finite Population<br/>• Normal Population (Known variance)<br/>• Normal Population (Unknown variance)<br/>• Determination of sample size<br/>• Non-normal population<br/>10.2.2 Estimation of difference between two population means<br/>10.2.3 Estimation of variance of a Normal population<br/>10.2.4 Estimation of variance ratio from two normal populations<br/>10.2.5 Estimation of proportion<br/>10.2.6 Estimation of the difference between two proportions (Large samples)<br/>10.2.7 Determination of sample size in estimating proportion<br/>10.3 Hypothesis Testing<br/>10.3.1 Steps for testing of hypothesis<br/>10.3.2 Test of Significance<br/>10.3.3 One-tailed and two-tailed test<br/>10.3.4 Test of mean of a normal population (one sample test)<br/>10.3.5 Test of difference between means of two normal populations<br/>(Two sample test)<br/>10.3.6 Test of population proportion<br/>10.3.7 Test of equality of two population proportions<br/>10.3.8 The Chi-square tests of hypothesis<br/>• Test of variance<br/>• The Goodness of fit test<br/>• Test of Independence<br/>• Test of Homogeneity<br/>10.3.9 Testing of equality of two population variances<br/>10.3.10 Test of equality of several means of Normal Populations<br/>10.3.11 Test for equality of variances from several populations.<br/>EXERCISES<br/>11. NONPARAMETRIC TESTS 412—434<br/>11.1 Introduction<br/>11.2 One sample tests<br/>11.2.1 Sign test<br/>11.2.2 One-sample Wllcoxon signed rank test<br/>11.2.3 Kolmogorov—Smimov test<br/>11.2.4 Run test fTest of randomness)<br/>11.3 Two sample Tests :<br/>11.3.1 Two sample sign test<br/>11.3.2 TWo sample Wllcoxon signed rank test (matched samples)<br/>11.3.3 Median test<br/>11.3.4 The Wllcoxon Rank sum W-test/Mann Whitney U-test<br/>11.3.5 Two sample Kolmogorov—Smimov test.<br/>11.4 K-sampIe tests<br/>11.4.1 The H-test/The Kruskal—Wallls test<br/>11.4.2 K—Samples Median Test.<br/>EXERCISES<br/>12. ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE<br/>12.1 Introduction<br/>12.2 Analysis of variance Model<br/>12.3 One way Classlfled Data (One way analysis of variance)<br/>12.4 Two way Classified Data (Two way analysis of variance)<br/>12.5 Analysis of Latin square Design<br/>12.6 Analysis of Factorial Experiments<br/>EXERCISES<br/>13. CORRELATION AND REGRESSION<br/>ANALYSIS<br/>13.1 Introduction<br/>13.2 Measurement of Linear Correlation<br/>13.2.1 Computation of Correlation Coefficient<br/>13.2.2 Coefficient of determination<br/>13.2.3 Rank Correlation Coefficient<br/>13.2.4 Non-linear Association<br/>13.2.5 Calculation of r from grouped data<br/>13.2.6 Testing the significance of the correlation coefficient<br/>13.3 Linear Regression Lines<br/>13.3.1 Fitting of Regression Line<br/>13.3.2 Relation between regression coefficients and correlation coefficient<br/>13.3.3 Can there be always two regression lines ?<br/>13.3.4 How good Is the Regression ?<br/>13.3.5 Examination and Interpretation of Regression line<br/>13.3.6 Test of hypothesis about the slope (regression coefficient)<br/>13.3.7 Test of hypothesis about the Intercept<br/>13.3.8 Test of significance of regression<br/>13.4 Polynomial Regression<br/>13.5 Time Series Regression<br/>13.6 Exponential Regression<br/>13.7 Non-parametric measures of Association<br/>13.7.1 Categorized data—Association In 2 x 2 Tables<br/>13.7.2 Measures of Association In 2 x 2 tables (Dlchotomous Association)<br/>13.7.3 The Relative Risk Coefllclent (RR)<br/>13.7.4 Measurement of Association (Ordinal data)<br/>• Gamma (7)<br/>• Kendall's tau-b (xt)<br/>• Kendall's tau-c (xj<br/>• Somers'd<br/>13.7.5 Measurement of Association In r x c contingency table<br/>(chl-square based)<br/>• Phi Coefficient<br/>• The Contingency Coefficient (Pearson's C)<br/>• Tshuprow's T<br/>• Cramer' V<br/>• Likelihood Ratio<br/>13.7.6 PRE Measures<br/>• Lambda (A,)<br/>• The Uncertainty coefficient or Thlel's U<br/>• Goodman and Kruskal tau (x)<br/>13.7.7 Eta (t|) coefficient<br/>13.7.8 Point—Blseiial Correlation coefficient (vph)<br/>13.7.9 Blserlal Correlation Coefficient (rb)<br/>13.7.10 Rank-Blserlal Coefficient (rrfc)<br/>13.7.11 Rank based measures of association.<br/>(cQ Spearman's Rank Correlation coefficient<br/>(b) Kendall's tau rank correlation coefficient<br/>13.7.12 The Choice of Measures<br/>EXERCISES<br/>14. MULTIPLE REGRESSION ANALYSIS<br/>14.1 Introduction<br/>14.2 The Multiple Regression Model<br/>14.2.1 Fitting of Regression Model<br/>14.2.2 Test of regression coefficient<br/>14.2.3 Test of equality of two regression coefficients<br/>14.2.4 Test of regression function<br/>14.3 Multiple correlation coefficient R^<br/>• Adjusted R^<br/>• Test of Multiple correlation coefficient<br/>14.4 Beta Regression Coefficients<br/>14.5 Coefficient of Partial correlation<br/>• Test of significance of observed Partial correlation<br/>14.6 The main questions, which the multiple regression answers :<br/>• Selecting the Independent variables (regressors)<br/>• Backward Elimination<br/>• Forward selection<br/>• Stepwlse Regression<br/>14.8 Checking Model Assumptions<br/>14.9 Multlcolllnearlty<br/>14.10 Autocorrelation<br/>14.11 Multiple regression equation In Matrix notation<br/>14.12 Regression with Qualitative Explanatory (Predictor) Variables<br/>EXERCISES<br/>15. MULTIVARIATE APPLICATIONS-AN<br/>OVERVIEW<br/>15.1 Introduction<br/>15.2 Sampling from a multlvarlate normal population<br/>15.2.1 Test of Hypothesis on mean vector (T^ - TesQ<br/>15.2.2 Test of Hypothesis on equality of two mean vectors<br/>15.2.3 Paired T^ - Test.<br/>15.3 Testing of equality of several multlvarlate population mean vectors<br/>15.3.1 Multlvarlate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)<br/>15.4 Discriminant Analysis<br/>15.4.1 Classification Rule<br/>15.4.2 Classification for several groups<br/>15.4.3 Optimal Classification<br/>15.5 Cluster Analysis<br/>15.5.1 Distance measures<br/>15.5.2 Steps for cluster Analysis<br/>15.5.3 Clust^erlng Procedures<br/>» Hierarchical Clustering Method<br/>• Non-hlerarchlcal Clustering Methods<br/>15.6 Principal Component Analysis—<br/>15.6.1 Principal Component Theory<br/>15.6.2 Sample Principal Components<br/>15.6.3 Standardizing the sample principal components<br/>15.7 Factor Analysis<br/>15.7.1 Introduction<br/>15.7.2 Some commonly used terms In factor analysis<br/>15.7.3 The mathematical model for factor structure<br/>15.7.4 Covarlance structure for the orthogonal factor model<br/>15.7.5 Method of estimation<br/>15.7.6 Rotation Methods<br/>15.8 Multidimensional Scaling<br/>15.8.1 Multidimensional scaling procedure<br/>15.8.2 Some Applications of multidimensional scaling<br/>15.8.3 Analysis of multidimensional scaling using SPSS packages<br/>15.9 Conjoint Analysis<br/>15.9.1 Steps in developing a conjoint Analysis<br/>15.9.2 Conducting Conjoint Analysis<br/>15.10 Correspondence Analysis<br/>15.11 LISREL<br/>EXERCISES<br/>16. ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA<br/>16.1 Introduction<br/>16.2 Outline<br/>16.3 Data preparation—an overview<br/>16.3.1 Data Editing<br/>16.3.2 Data Cleaning<br/>16.3.3 Data Coding<br/>16.3.4 Data reduction<br/>16.3.5 Exploring the data<br/>16.3.6 Cross Tabulation<br/>16.3.7 Missing Values<br/>16.4 Descriptive Analysis<br/>16.5 Analytical Statistics and Inference<br/>16.6 Content analysis<br/>16.6.1 Content Analysis—an Introduction<br/>16.6.2 What Is a content ?<br/>16.6.3 Media content and Audience content<br/>16.6.4 Uses of content analysis<br/>16.6.5 Stages of content analysis<br/>16.6.6 Advantages of content analysis<br/>16.6.7 Disadvantages of content analysis<br/>16.7 SWOT Analysis<br/>16.8 Participatory Research.<br/>16.9 Data Analysis by software packages<br/>EXERCISES<br/>17. REPORT WRITING AND ORAL<br/>PRESENTATION<br/>17.1 What Is a report ?<br/>17.1.1 Objectives<br/>17.1.2 Purpose of Reports<br/>17.2 Types of Reports<br/>17.2.1 Formal and Informal Reports<br/>17.2.2 Types of Formal Reports<br/>17.2.3 Some common Informal Reports<br/>17.2.4 Research Report Formal<br/>17.3 Basic components of a Research Report<br/>17.4 Report Writing Process<br/>17.5 Guidelines for effective Report Writing<br/>17.6 Data analysis and Writing the Report<br/>17.7 What Is a Technical Report ?<br/>17.7.1 Purpose of Technical Report<br/>17.7.2 Audience and Audience analysis<br/>17.7.3 Structure of Report<br/>17.7.4 Presentation<br/>17.7.5 The Report Layout<br/>17.7.6 Language and Style<br/>17.7.7 Planning a Report and Preparation<br/>17.8 Technical Writing<br/>17.9 Instruction Manual<br/>17.10 Technical Proposal<br/>17.11 Oral Prsentatlon<br/>17.11.1 Basic strategies for effective oral presentation<br/>17.11.2 Audlovlsuals<br/>17.11.3 Benefits for using visual aids<br/>17.11.4 How to use visual aids effectively ?<br/>17.12 Precis writing and reporting committee findings<br/>17.12.1 Introduction<br/>17.12.2 Precis writing |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) | |
| Koha item type | General Books |
| Withdrawn status | Lost status | Damaged status | Not for loan | Home library | Current library | Shelving location | Date acquired | Full call number | Accession number | Date last seen | Date last checked out | Koha item type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central Library, Sikkim University | Central Library, Sikkim University | General Book Section | 24/05/2016 | 001.42 SWA/T | P38717 | 18/07/2023 | 12/07/2023 | General Books |