Nanophysics of solar and renewable energy/
Wolf, Edward L.
Nanophysics of solar and renewable energy/ Edward L. Wolf - Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2012. - xiv, 258 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm. - Physics textbook. .
1 A Survey of Long-Term Energy Resources
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Direct Solar Influx
1.1.1.1 Properties of the Sun
1.1.1.2 An Introduction to Fusion Reactions on the Sun
1.1.1.3 Distribution of Solar Influx for Conversion
1.1.2 Secondary Solar-Driven Sources
1.1.2.1 Flow Energy
1.1.2.2 Hydroelectric Power
1.1.2.3 Ocean Waves
1.1.3 Earth-Based Long-Term Energy Resources
1.1.3.1 Lunar Ocean Tidal Motion
1.1.3.2 Geothermal Energy
1.1.3.3 The Earth.s Deuterium and its Potential
1.1.4 Plan of This Book
2 Physics of Nuclear Fusion: the Source of all Solar-Related Energy
2.1 Introduction: Protons in the Sun.s Core
2.2 Schrodinger.s Equation for the Motion of Particles
2.2.1 Time-Dependent Equation
2.2.2 Time-Independent Equation
2.2.3 Bound States Inside a One-Dimensional Potential Well, E> 0
2.3 Protons and Neutrons and Their Binding
2.4 Gamow.s Tunneling Model Applied to Fusion in the Sun.s Core
2.5 A Survey of Nuclear Properties
3 Atoms, Molecules, and Semiconductor Devices
3.1 Bohr.s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
3.2 Charge Motion in Periodic Potential
3.3 Energy Bands and Gaps
3.3.1 Properties of a Metal: Electrons in an Empty Box (I)
3.4 Atoms, Molecules, and the Covalent Bond
3.4.1 Properties of a Metal: Electrons in an Empty Box (II)
3.4.2 Hydrogen Molecule Ion H2+
3.5 Tetrahedral Bonding in Silicon and Related Semiconductors
3.5.1 Connection with Directed or Covalent Bonds
3.5.2 Bond Angle
3.6 Donor and Acceptor Impurities
Charge Concentrations
3.6.1 Hydrogenic Donors and Excitons in Semiconductors, Direct and Indirect Bandgaps
3.6.2 Carrier Concentrations in Semiconductors
3.6.3 The Degenerate Metallic Semiconductor. 3.7 The PN Junction, Diode I-V Characteristic, Photovoltaic Cell
3.8 Metals and Plasmas
4 Terrestrial Approaches to Fusion Energy
4.1 Deuterium Fusion Demonstration Based on Field Ionization
4.1.1 Electric Field Ionization of Deuterium (Hydrogen)
4.2 Deuterium Fusion Demonstration Based on Muonic Hydrogen
4.2.1 Catalysis of DD Fusion by Mu Mesons
4.3 Deuterium Fusion Demonstration in Larger Scale Plasma Reactors -
4.3.1 Electrical Heating of the Plasma
4.3.2 Scaling the Fusion Power Density from that in the Sun
4.3.3 Adapt DD Plasma Analysis to DT Plasma as in ITER
4.3.4 Summary, a Correction, and Further Comments
5 Introduction to Solar Energy Conversion
5.1 Sun as an Energy Source, Spectrum on Earth
5.2 Heat Engines and Thermodynamics, Carnot Ef.ciency
5.3 Solar Thermal Electric Power
5.4 Generations of Photovoltaic Solar Cells
5.5 Utilizing Solar Power with Photovoltaics: the Rooftops of New York versus Space Satellites
5.6 The Possibility of Space-Based Solar Power
6 Solar Cells Based on Single PN Junctions
6.1 Single-Junction Cells
6.1.1 Silicon Crystalline Cells
6.1.2 GaAs Epitaxially Grown Solar Cells
6.1.3 Single-Junction Limiting Conversion Ef.ciency
6.2 Thin-Film Solar Cells versus Crystalline Cells
6.3 CIGS (CuIn1-xGaxSe2) Thin-Film Solar Cells
6.3.1 Printing Cells onto Large-Area Flexible Substrates
6.4 CdTe Thin-Film Cells
6.5 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
5.1 Principle of Dye Sensitization to Extend Spectral Range to the Red
6.5.2 Questions of Ef.ciency
6.6 Polymer Organic Solar Cells
6.6.1 A Basic Semiconducting Polymer Solar Cell
7 Multijunction and Energy Concentrating Solar Cells
7.1 Tandem Cells, Premium and Low Cost
7.1.1 GaAs-based Tandem Single-Crystal Cells, a Near Text-Book Example. 7.1.2 A Smaller Scale Concentrator Technology Built on Multijunction Cells
7.1.3 Low-Cost Tandem Technology: Advanced Tandem Semiconducting Polymer Cells
7.1.3.1 Band-Edge Energies in the Multilayer Tandem Semiconductor Polymer Structure
7.1.3.2 Performance of the Advanced Polymer Tandem Cell
7.1.4 Low-Cost Tandem Technology: Amorphous Silicon:H-Based Solar Cells
7.2 Organic Molecules as Solar Concentrators
7.3 Spectral Splitting Cells
7.4 Summary and Comments on Efficiency
7.5 A Niche Application of Concentrating Cells on Pontoons
8 Third-Generation Concepts, Survey of Efficiency
8.1 Intermediate Band Cells
8.2 Impact Ionization and Carrier Multiplication
8.2.1 Electrons and Holes in a 3D ''Quantum Dot''
8.3 Ferromagnetic Materials for Solar Conversion
8.4 Efficiencies: Three Generations of Cells
9 Cells for Hydrogen Generation
Aspects of Hydrogen Storage
9.1 Intermittency of Renewable Energy
9.2 Electrolysis of Water
9.3 Efficient Photocatalytic Dissociation of Water into Hydrogen and Oxygen
9.3.1 Tandem Cell as Water Splitter
9.3.2 Possibility of a Mass Production Tandem Cell Water-Splitting Device
9.3.3 Possibilities for Dual-Purpose Thin-Film Tandem Cell Devices
9.4 The ''Arti.cial Leaf'' of Nocera
9.5 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Status
9.6 Storage and Transport of Hydrogen as a Potential Fuel
9.7 Surface Adsorption for Storing Hydrogen in High Density
9.7.1 Titanium-Decorated Carbon Nanotube Cloth
9.8 Economics of Hydrogen
9.8.1 Further Aspects of Storage and Transport of Hydrogen
9.8.2 Hydrogen as Potential Intermediate in U.S. Electricity Distribution
10 Large-Scale Fabrication, Learning Curves, and Economics Including Storage
10.1 Fabrication Methods Vary but Exhibit Similar Learning Curves
10.2 Learning Strategies for Module Cost. 10.3 Thin-Film Cells, Nanoinks for Printing Solar Cells
10.4 Large-Scale Scenario Based on Thin-Film CdTe or CIGS Cells
10.4.1 Solar Influx, Cell Efficiency, and Size of Solar Field Required to Meet Demand
10.4.2 Economics of ''Printing Press'' CIGS or CdTe Cell Production to Satisfy U.S. Electric Demand
10.4.3 Projected Total Capital Need, Conditions for Pro.table Private Investment
10.5 Comparison of Solar Power versus Wind Power
10.6 The Importance of Storage and Grid Management to Large-Scale Utilization
10.6.1 Batteries: from Lead-Acid to Lithium to Sodium Sulfur
10.6.2 Basics of Lithium Batteries
10.6.3 NiMH
11 Prospects for Solar and Renewable Power
11.1 Rapid Growth in Solar and Wind Power
11.2 Renewable Energy Beyond Solar and Wind
11.3 The Legacy World, Developing Countries, and the Third World
11.4 Can Energy Supply Meet Demand in the Longer Future? -
11.4.1 The ''Oil Bubble''
11.4.2 The ''Energy Miracle''
9783527410460
Photovoltaic power generation
Energy conversion
Power resources
621.31244 / WOL/N
Nanophysics of solar and renewable energy/ Edward L. Wolf - Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2012. - xiv, 258 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm. - Physics textbook. .
1 A Survey of Long-Term Energy Resources
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Direct Solar Influx
1.1.1.1 Properties of the Sun
1.1.1.2 An Introduction to Fusion Reactions on the Sun
1.1.1.3 Distribution of Solar Influx for Conversion
1.1.2 Secondary Solar-Driven Sources
1.1.2.1 Flow Energy
1.1.2.2 Hydroelectric Power
1.1.2.3 Ocean Waves
1.1.3 Earth-Based Long-Term Energy Resources
1.1.3.1 Lunar Ocean Tidal Motion
1.1.3.2 Geothermal Energy
1.1.3.3 The Earth.s Deuterium and its Potential
1.1.4 Plan of This Book
2 Physics of Nuclear Fusion: the Source of all Solar-Related Energy
2.1 Introduction: Protons in the Sun.s Core
2.2 Schrodinger.s Equation for the Motion of Particles
2.2.1 Time-Dependent Equation
2.2.2 Time-Independent Equation
2.2.3 Bound States Inside a One-Dimensional Potential Well, E> 0
2.3 Protons and Neutrons and Their Binding
2.4 Gamow.s Tunneling Model Applied to Fusion in the Sun.s Core
2.5 A Survey of Nuclear Properties
3 Atoms, Molecules, and Semiconductor Devices
3.1 Bohr.s Model of the Hydrogen Atom
3.2 Charge Motion in Periodic Potential
3.3 Energy Bands and Gaps
3.3.1 Properties of a Metal: Electrons in an Empty Box (I)
3.4 Atoms, Molecules, and the Covalent Bond
3.4.1 Properties of a Metal: Electrons in an Empty Box (II)
3.4.2 Hydrogen Molecule Ion H2+
3.5 Tetrahedral Bonding in Silicon and Related Semiconductors
3.5.1 Connection with Directed or Covalent Bonds
3.5.2 Bond Angle
3.6 Donor and Acceptor Impurities
Charge Concentrations
3.6.1 Hydrogenic Donors and Excitons in Semiconductors, Direct and Indirect Bandgaps
3.6.2 Carrier Concentrations in Semiconductors
3.6.3 The Degenerate Metallic Semiconductor. 3.7 The PN Junction, Diode I-V Characteristic, Photovoltaic Cell
3.8 Metals and Plasmas
4 Terrestrial Approaches to Fusion Energy
4.1 Deuterium Fusion Demonstration Based on Field Ionization
4.1.1 Electric Field Ionization of Deuterium (Hydrogen)
4.2 Deuterium Fusion Demonstration Based on Muonic Hydrogen
4.2.1 Catalysis of DD Fusion by Mu Mesons
4.3 Deuterium Fusion Demonstration in Larger Scale Plasma Reactors -
4.3.1 Electrical Heating of the Plasma
4.3.2 Scaling the Fusion Power Density from that in the Sun
4.3.3 Adapt DD Plasma Analysis to DT Plasma as in ITER
4.3.4 Summary, a Correction, and Further Comments
5 Introduction to Solar Energy Conversion
5.1 Sun as an Energy Source, Spectrum on Earth
5.2 Heat Engines and Thermodynamics, Carnot Ef.ciency
5.3 Solar Thermal Electric Power
5.4 Generations of Photovoltaic Solar Cells
5.5 Utilizing Solar Power with Photovoltaics: the Rooftops of New York versus Space Satellites
5.6 The Possibility of Space-Based Solar Power
6 Solar Cells Based on Single PN Junctions
6.1 Single-Junction Cells
6.1.1 Silicon Crystalline Cells
6.1.2 GaAs Epitaxially Grown Solar Cells
6.1.3 Single-Junction Limiting Conversion Ef.ciency
6.2 Thin-Film Solar Cells versus Crystalline Cells
6.3 CIGS (CuIn1-xGaxSe2) Thin-Film Solar Cells
6.3.1 Printing Cells onto Large-Area Flexible Substrates
6.4 CdTe Thin-Film Cells
6.5 Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
5.1 Principle of Dye Sensitization to Extend Spectral Range to the Red
6.5.2 Questions of Ef.ciency
6.6 Polymer Organic Solar Cells
6.6.1 A Basic Semiconducting Polymer Solar Cell
7 Multijunction and Energy Concentrating Solar Cells
7.1 Tandem Cells, Premium and Low Cost
7.1.1 GaAs-based Tandem Single-Crystal Cells, a Near Text-Book Example. 7.1.2 A Smaller Scale Concentrator Technology Built on Multijunction Cells
7.1.3 Low-Cost Tandem Technology: Advanced Tandem Semiconducting Polymer Cells
7.1.3.1 Band-Edge Energies in the Multilayer Tandem Semiconductor Polymer Structure
7.1.3.2 Performance of the Advanced Polymer Tandem Cell
7.1.4 Low-Cost Tandem Technology: Amorphous Silicon:H-Based Solar Cells
7.2 Organic Molecules as Solar Concentrators
7.3 Spectral Splitting Cells
7.4 Summary and Comments on Efficiency
7.5 A Niche Application of Concentrating Cells on Pontoons
8 Third-Generation Concepts, Survey of Efficiency
8.1 Intermediate Band Cells
8.2 Impact Ionization and Carrier Multiplication
8.2.1 Electrons and Holes in a 3D ''Quantum Dot''
8.3 Ferromagnetic Materials for Solar Conversion
8.4 Efficiencies: Three Generations of Cells
9 Cells for Hydrogen Generation
Aspects of Hydrogen Storage
9.1 Intermittency of Renewable Energy
9.2 Electrolysis of Water
9.3 Efficient Photocatalytic Dissociation of Water into Hydrogen and Oxygen
9.3.1 Tandem Cell as Water Splitter
9.3.2 Possibility of a Mass Production Tandem Cell Water-Splitting Device
9.3.3 Possibilities for Dual-Purpose Thin-Film Tandem Cell Devices
9.4 The ''Arti.cial Leaf'' of Nocera
9.5 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Status
9.6 Storage and Transport of Hydrogen as a Potential Fuel
9.7 Surface Adsorption for Storing Hydrogen in High Density
9.7.1 Titanium-Decorated Carbon Nanotube Cloth
9.8 Economics of Hydrogen
9.8.1 Further Aspects of Storage and Transport of Hydrogen
9.8.2 Hydrogen as Potential Intermediate in U.S. Electricity Distribution
10 Large-Scale Fabrication, Learning Curves, and Economics Including Storage
10.1 Fabrication Methods Vary but Exhibit Similar Learning Curves
10.2 Learning Strategies for Module Cost. 10.3 Thin-Film Cells, Nanoinks for Printing Solar Cells
10.4 Large-Scale Scenario Based on Thin-Film CdTe or CIGS Cells
10.4.1 Solar Influx, Cell Efficiency, and Size of Solar Field Required to Meet Demand
10.4.2 Economics of ''Printing Press'' CIGS or CdTe Cell Production to Satisfy U.S. Electric Demand
10.4.3 Projected Total Capital Need, Conditions for Pro.table Private Investment
10.5 Comparison of Solar Power versus Wind Power
10.6 The Importance of Storage and Grid Management to Large-Scale Utilization
10.6.1 Batteries: from Lead-Acid to Lithium to Sodium Sulfur
10.6.2 Basics of Lithium Batteries
10.6.3 NiMH
11 Prospects for Solar and Renewable Power
11.1 Rapid Growth in Solar and Wind Power
11.2 Renewable Energy Beyond Solar and Wind
11.3 The Legacy World, Developing Countries, and the Third World
11.4 Can Energy Supply Meet Demand in the Longer Future? -
11.4.1 The ''Oil Bubble''
11.4.2 The ''Energy Miracle''
9783527410460
Photovoltaic power generation
Energy conversion
Power resources
621.31244 / WOL/N