Fundamentals of Computers
Rajaraman, V.
Fundamentals of Computers V. Rajaraman - 5th ed. - New Delhi : PHI , 2010 . - 438 p.
1. COMPUTER BASICS
1.1 Algorithms
1.2 A Simple Model of a Computer
1.3 Characteristics of Computers
1.4 Problem Solving Using Computers
Summary
Review Questions
2. DATA REPRESENTATION
2.1 Representation of Characters in Computers
2.2 Representation of Integers
2.3 Representation of Fractions
2.4 Hexadecimal Representation of Numbers
2.5 Decimal to Binary Conversion
2.6 Error Detecting Codes
Summary
Review Questions
3. INPUT/OUTPUT UNITS
3.1 Description of Computer Input Units
3.2 Other Input Methods
3.3 Computer Output Units
Summary
Review Questions
4. COMPUTER MEMORY
4.1 Memory Cell
4.2 Memory Organization
4.3 Read Only Memory
4.4 Serial Access Memory
4.5 Physical Devices Used to Construct Memories
4.6 Magnetic Hard Disk
4.7 Floppy Disk Drives
4.8 Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CDROM)
4.9 Magnetic Tape Drive
Summary
Review Questions
5. PROCESSOR
5.1 Structure of Instructions
5.2 Description of a Processor
5.3 A Machine Language Program
5.4 An Algorithm to Simulate the Hypothetical Computer
Summary
Review Questions
6. BINARY ARITHMETIC
6.1 Binary Addition
6.2 Binary Subtraction
6.3 Signed Numbers
6.4 Two's Complement Representation of Numbers
6.5 Addition/Subtraction of Numbers in 2's Complement Notation
6.6 Binary Multiplication
6.7 Binary Division
6.8 Roating Point Representation of Numbers
6.9 Arithmetic Operations with Normalized Floating Point Numbers
Summary
Review Questions
7. LOGIC CIRCUITS
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Switching Circuits
7.3 AND/OR Operations
7.4 NOT Operation
7.5 Boolean Functions
7.6 Postulates
7.7 Duality Principle
7.8 Theorems
7.9 Precedence of Operators
7.10 Venn Diagram
7.11 Truth Table
7.12 Canonical Forms for Boolean Functions
7.13 Logic Circuits
7.14 Parallel and Serial Adders
7.15 Physical Devices Used to Construct Gates
7.16 Transistors
7.17 Integrated Circuits
Summary
Review Questions
8. COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
8.1 Interconnection of Units
8.2 Processor to Memory Communication
8.3 I/O to Processor Communication
8.4 Interrupt Structures
8.5 Bus Architecture of Personal Computers
8.6 Multiprogramming
8.7 Processor Features
8.8 Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC)
8.9 Virtual Memory
Summary
Review Questions
9. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
9.1 Why Programming Language?
9.2 Assembly Language
9.3 Higher Level Programming Languages
9.4 Compiling High Level Language Program
9.5 Some High Level Languages
9.6 Conclusions
Summary
Review Questions
10. OPERATING SYSTEMS
10.1 Why Do We Need an Operating System?
10.2 Batch Operating System
10.3 Multiprogramming Operating System
10.4 Time Sharing Operating System
10.5 Other Facilities Provided by Operating Systems
10.6 Personal Computer Operating System
10.7 The UNIX Operating System
10.8 Microkernel based Operating System
10.9 On-line and Real-time Systems
Summary
Review Questions
11. MICROCOMPUTERS
11.1 An Ideal Microcomputer
11.2 An Actual Microcomputer
11.3 Memory Systems for Microcomputers
11.4 A Minimum Microcomputer Configuration
11.5 Evolution of Microcomputers
11.6 Special Purpose Microprocessors
11.7 Special Purpose Microcomputer Software
11.8 Special Purpose Applications of Microcomputers
11.9 Smart Cards and RFID
Summary
Review Questions
12. COMPUTER GENERATIONS AND CLASSIFICATION
12.1 First Generation of Computers
12.2 The Second Generation
12.3 The Third Generation
12.4 The Fourth Generation
12.5 The Fifth Generation
12.6 Moore's Law
12.7 Classification of Computers
12.8 Distributed Computer System
12.9 Parallel Computers
Summary
Review Questions
13. VOICE AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS
13.1 Types of Communications with and Among Computers
13.2 Characteristics of Communication Channels
13.3 Allocation of Channel
. 13.4 Physical Communication Media
13.5 Public Switched Telephone Networks
13.6 Multiplexing Techniques in Wireless Communication
13.7 Cellular Communication System
13.8 Establishing Communication Paths
13.9 ATM Networks
Summary
Review Questions
14. COMPUTER NETWORKS
14.1 Need for Computer Communication Networks
14.2 Internet and the World Wide Web
14.3 Communication Protocols
14.4 Local Area Networks
14.5 Token Ring Local Area Network
14.6 Interconnecting Networks
14.7 The Future of Internet Technology
Summary
Review Questions
15. COMPUTER GRAPHICS
15.1 Computer Graphics Applications
15.2 Display Devices
15.3 Overview of Display Method
15.4 Raster Scan Display Processing Unit
15.5 Input Devices for Interactive Graphics
15.6 Programmers' Model of Interactive Graphics Systems
15.7 Image Acquisition and Storage
15.8 Storage Formats for Pictures
15.9 Image Acquisition with a Digital Camera
Summary
Review Questions
16. MULTIMEDIA DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING
16.1 Capturing a Moving Image with a Video Camera
16.2 Compression of Video Data
16.3 MPEG Compression Standard
16.4 Acquiring and Storing Audio Signals
16.5 Compression of Audio Signals
16.6 Audio Signal Processing
16.7 Speech Processing
Summary
Review Questions
17. EMERGING COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
17.1 Current Computing Scenario
17.2 Peer to Peer Computing
17.3 Grid Computing
17.4 Cloud Computing
17.5 Utility Computing
Summary
Review Questions
978812034011
Computer
004 / RAJ/F
Fundamentals of Computers V. Rajaraman - 5th ed. - New Delhi : PHI , 2010 . - 438 p.
1. COMPUTER BASICS
1.1 Algorithms
1.2 A Simple Model of a Computer
1.3 Characteristics of Computers
1.4 Problem Solving Using Computers
Summary
Review Questions
2. DATA REPRESENTATION
2.1 Representation of Characters in Computers
2.2 Representation of Integers
2.3 Representation of Fractions
2.4 Hexadecimal Representation of Numbers
2.5 Decimal to Binary Conversion
2.6 Error Detecting Codes
Summary
Review Questions
3. INPUT/OUTPUT UNITS
3.1 Description of Computer Input Units
3.2 Other Input Methods
3.3 Computer Output Units
Summary
Review Questions
4. COMPUTER MEMORY
4.1 Memory Cell
4.2 Memory Organization
4.3 Read Only Memory
4.4 Serial Access Memory
4.5 Physical Devices Used to Construct Memories
4.6 Magnetic Hard Disk
4.7 Floppy Disk Drives
4.8 Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CDROM)
4.9 Magnetic Tape Drive
Summary
Review Questions
5. PROCESSOR
5.1 Structure of Instructions
5.2 Description of a Processor
5.3 A Machine Language Program
5.4 An Algorithm to Simulate the Hypothetical Computer
Summary
Review Questions
6. BINARY ARITHMETIC
6.1 Binary Addition
6.2 Binary Subtraction
6.3 Signed Numbers
6.4 Two's Complement Representation of Numbers
6.5 Addition/Subtraction of Numbers in 2's Complement Notation
6.6 Binary Multiplication
6.7 Binary Division
6.8 Roating Point Representation of Numbers
6.9 Arithmetic Operations with Normalized Floating Point Numbers
Summary
Review Questions
7. LOGIC CIRCUITS
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Switching Circuits
7.3 AND/OR Operations
7.4 NOT Operation
7.5 Boolean Functions
7.6 Postulates
7.7 Duality Principle
7.8 Theorems
7.9 Precedence of Operators
7.10 Venn Diagram
7.11 Truth Table
7.12 Canonical Forms for Boolean Functions
7.13 Logic Circuits
7.14 Parallel and Serial Adders
7.15 Physical Devices Used to Construct Gates
7.16 Transistors
7.17 Integrated Circuits
Summary
Review Questions
8. COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
8.1 Interconnection of Units
8.2 Processor to Memory Communication
8.3 I/O to Processor Communication
8.4 Interrupt Structures
8.5 Bus Architecture of Personal Computers
8.6 Multiprogramming
8.7 Processor Features
8.8 Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISC)
8.9 Virtual Memory
Summary
Review Questions
9. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
9.1 Why Programming Language?
9.2 Assembly Language
9.3 Higher Level Programming Languages
9.4 Compiling High Level Language Program
9.5 Some High Level Languages
9.6 Conclusions
Summary
Review Questions
10. OPERATING SYSTEMS
10.1 Why Do We Need an Operating System?
10.2 Batch Operating System
10.3 Multiprogramming Operating System
10.4 Time Sharing Operating System
10.5 Other Facilities Provided by Operating Systems
10.6 Personal Computer Operating System
10.7 The UNIX Operating System
10.8 Microkernel based Operating System
10.9 On-line and Real-time Systems
Summary
Review Questions
11. MICROCOMPUTERS
11.1 An Ideal Microcomputer
11.2 An Actual Microcomputer
11.3 Memory Systems for Microcomputers
11.4 A Minimum Microcomputer Configuration
11.5 Evolution of Microcomputers
11.6 Special Purpose Microprocessors
11.7 Special Purpose Microcomputer Software
11.8 Special Purpose Applications of Microcomputers
11.9 Smart Cards and RFID
Summary
Review Questions
12. COMPUTER GENERATIONS AND CLASSIFICATION
12.1 First Generation of Computers
12.2 The Second Generation
12.3 The Third Generation
12.4 The Fourth Generation
12.5 The Fifth Generation
12.6 Moore's Law
12.7 Classification of Computers
12.8 Distributed Computer System
12.9 Parallel Computers
Summary
Review Questions
13. VOICE AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS
13.1 Types of Communications with and Among Computers
13.2 Characteristics of Communication Channels
13.3 Allocation of Channel
. 13.4 Physical Communication Media
13.5 Public Switched Telephone Networks
13.6 Multiplexing Techniques in Wireless Communication
13.7 Cellular Communication System
13.8 Establishing Communication Paths
13.9 ATM Networks
Summary
Review Questions
14. COMPUTER NETWORKS
14.1 Need for Computer Communication Networks
14.2 Internet and the World Wide Web
14.3 Communication Protocols
14.4 Local Area Networks
14.5 Token Ring Local Area Network
14.6 Interconnecting Networks
14.7 The Future of Internet Technology
Summary
Review Questions
15. COMPUTER GRAPHICS
15.1 Computer Graphics Applications
15.2 Display Devices
15.3 Overview of Display Method
15.4 Raster Scan Display Processing Unit
15.5 Input Devices for Interactive Graphics
15.6 Programmers' Model of Interactive Graphics Systems
15.7 Image Acquisition and Storage
15.8 Storage Formats for Pictures
15.9 Image Acquisition with a Digital Camera
Summary
Review Questions
16. MULTIMEDIA DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING
16.1 Capturing a Moving Image with a Video Camera
16.2 Compression of Video Data
16.3 MPEG Compression Standard
16.4 Acquiring and Storing Audio Signals
16.5 Compression of Audio Signals
16.6 Audio Signal Processing
16.7 Speech Processing
Summary
Review Questions
17. EMERGING COMPUTING ENVIRONMENTS
17.1 Current Computing Scenario
17.2 Peer to Peer Computing
17.3 Grid Computing
17.4 Cloud Computing
17.5 Utility Computing
Summary
Review Questions
978812034011
Computer
004 / RAJ/F